asn1.h

All headers

Legacy ASN.1 library.

This header is part of OpenSSL's ASN.1 implementation. It is retained for compatibility but should not be used by new code. The functions are difficult to use correctly, and have buggy or non-standard behaviors. They are thus particularly prone to behavior changes and API removals, as BoringSSL iterates on these issues.

Use the new CBS and CBB library in <openssl/bytestring.h> instead.

  1. Tag constants
  2. V_ASN1_UNIVERSAL
  3. V_ASN1_APPLICATION
  4. V_ASN1_CONTEXT_SPECIFIC
  5. V_ASN1_PRIVATE
  6. V_ASN1_CONSTRUCTED
  7. V_ASN1_PRIMITIVE_TAG
  8. V_ASN1_MAX_UNIVERSAL
  9. V_ASN1_UNDEF
  10. V_ASN1_OTHER
  11. V_ASN1_ANY
  12. V_ASN1_EOC
  13. V_ASN1_BOOLEAN
  14. V_ASN1_INTEGER
  15. V_ASN1_BIT_STRING
  16. V_ASN1_OCTET_STRING
  17. V_ASN1_NULL
  18. V_ASN1_OBJECT
  19. V_ASN1_OBJECT_DESCRIPTOR
  20. V_ASN1_EXTERNAL
  21. V_ASN1_REAL
  22. V_ASN1_ENUMERATED
  23. V_ASN1_UTF8STRING
  24. V_ASN1_SEQUENCE
  25. V_ASN1_SET
  26. V_ASN1_NUMERICSTRING
  27. V_ASN1_PRINTABLESTRING
  28. V_ASN1_T61STRING
  29. V_ASN1_TELETEXSTRING
  30. V_ASN1_VIDEOTEXSTRING
  31. V_ASN1_IA5STRING
  32. V_ASN1_UTCTIME
  33. V_ASN1_GENERALIZEDTIME
  34. V_ASN1_GRAPHICSTRING
  35. V_ASN1_ISO64STRING
  36. V_ASN1_VISIBLESTRING
  37. V_ASN1_GENERALSTRING
  38. V_ASN1_UNIVERSALSTRING
  39. V_ASN1_BMPSTRING
  40. V_ASN1_NEG
  41. V_ASN1_NEG_INTEGER
  42. V_ASN1_NEG_ENUMERATED
  43. B_ASN1_NUMERICSTRING
  44. B_ASN1_PRINTABLESTRING
  45. B_ASN1_T61STRING
  46. B_ASN1_TELETEXSTRING
  47. B_ASN1_VIDEOTEXSTRING
  48. B_ASN1_IA5STRING
  49. B_ASN1_GRAPHICSTRING
  50. B_ASN1_ISO64STRING
  51. B_ASN1_VISIBLESTRING
  52. B_ASN1_GENERALSTRING
  53. B_ASN1_UNIVERSALSTRING
  54. B_ASN1_OCTET_STRING
  55. B_ASN1_BIT_STRING
  56. B_ASN1_BMPSTRING
  57. B_ASN1_UNKNOWN
  58. B_ASN1_UTF8STRING
  59. B_ASN1_UTCTIME
  60. B_ASN1_GENERALIZEDTIME
  61. B_ASN1_SEQUENCE
  62. ASN1_tag2bit
  63. ASN1_tag2str
  64. API conventions
  65. d2i_SAMPLE
  66. i2d_SAMPLE
  67. ASN.1 types
  68. DECLARE_ASN1_ITEM
  69. ASN1_ITEM_rptr
  70. ASN1_ITEM_ref
  71. ASN1_ITEM_ptr
  72. ASN1_item_new
  73. ASN1_item_free
  74. ASN1_item_d2i
  75. ASN1_item_i2d
  76. ASN1_item_dup
  77. ASN1_item_d2i_fp
  78. ASN1_item_d2i_bio
  79. ASN1_item_i2d_fp
  80. ASN1_item_i2d_bio
  81. ASN1_item_unpack
  82. ASN1_item_pack
  83. Booleans
  84. ASN1_BOOLEAN_FALSE
  85. ASN1_BOOLEAN_TRUE
  86. ASN1_BOOLEAN_NONE
  87. d2i_ASN1_BOOLEAN
  88. i2d_ASN1_BOOLEAN
  89. Strings
  90. asn1_string_st
  91. ASN1_STRING_FLAG_BITS_LEFT
  92. ASN1_STRING_type_new
  93. ASN1_STRING_new
  94. ASN1_STRING_free
  95. ASN1_STRING_copy
  96. ASN1_STRING_dup
  97. ASN1_STRING_type
  98. ASN1_STRING_get0_data
  99. ASN1_STRING_data
  100. ASN1_STRING_length
  101. ASN1_STRING_cmp
  102. ASN1_STRING_set
  103. ASN1_STRING_set0
  104. ASN1_BMPSTRING_new
  105. ASN1_GENERALSTRING_new
  106. ASN1_IA5STRING_new
  107. ASN1_OCTET_STRING_new
  108. ASN1_PRINTABLESTRING_new
  109. ASN1_T61STRING_new
  110. ASN1_UNIVERSALSTRING_new
  111. ASN1_UTF8STRING_new
  112. ASN1_VISIBLESTRING_new
  113. ASN1_BMPSTRING_free
  114. ASN1_GENERALSTRING_free
  115. ASN1_IA5STRING_free
  116. ASN1_OCTET_STRING_free
  117. ASN1_PRINTABLESTRING_free
  118. ASN1_T61STRING_free
  119. ASN1_UNIVERSALSTRING_free
  120. ASN1_UTF8STRING_free
  121. ASN1_VISIBLESTRING_free
  122. d2i_ASN1_BMPSTRING
  123. d2i_ASN1_GENERALSTRING
  124. d2i_ASN1_IA5STRING
  125. d2i_ASN1_OCTET_STRING
  126. d2i_ASN1_PRINTABLESTRING
  127. d2i_ASN1_T61STRING
  128. d2i_ASN1_UNIVERSALSTRING
  129. d2i_ASN1_UTF8STRING
  130. d2i_ASN1_VISIBLESTRING
  131. i2d_ASN1_BMPSTRING
  132. i2d_ASN1_GENERALSTRING
  133. i2d_ASN1_IA5STRING
  134. i2d_ASN1_OCTET_STRING
  135. i2d_ASN1_PRINTABLESTRING
  136. i2d_ASN1_T61STRING
  137. i2d_ASN1_UNIVERSALSTRING
  138. i2d_ASN1_UTF8STRING
  139. i2d_ASN1_VISIBLESTRING
  140. ASN1_OCTET_STRING_dup
  141. ASN1_OCTET_STRING_cmp
  142. ASN1_OCTET_STRING_set
  143. ASN1_STRING_to_UTF8
  144. MBSTRING_FLAG
  145. MBSTRING_UTF8
  146. MBSTRING_ASC
  147. MBSTRING_BMP
  148. MBSTRING_UNIV
  149. DIRSTRING_TYPE
  150. PKCS9STRING_TYPE
  151. ASN1_mbstring_copy
  152. ASN1_mbstring_ncopy
  153. ASN1_STRING_set_by_NID
  154. STABLE_NO_MASK
  155. ASN1_STRING_TABLE_add
  156. Multi-strings
  157. B_ASN1_DIRECTORYSTRING
  158. DIRECTORYSTRING_new
  159. DIRECTORYSTRING_free
  160. d2i_DIRECTORYSTRING
  161. i2d_DIRECTORYSTRING
  162. B_ASN1_DISPLAYTEXT
  163. DISPLAYTEXT_new
  164. DISPLAYTEXT_free
  165. d2i_DISPLAYTEXT
  166. i2d_DISPLAYTEXT
  167. Bit strings
  168. ASN1_BIT_STRING_new
  169. ASN1_BIT_STRING_free
  170. d2i_ASN1_BIT_STRING
  171. i2d_ASN1_BIT_STRING
  172. c2i_ASN1_BIT_STRING
  173. i2c_ASN1_BIT_STRING
  174. ASN1_BIT_STRING_num_bytes
  175. ASN1_BIT_STRING_set
  176. ASN1_BIT_STRING_set_bit
  177. ASN1_BIT_STRING_get_bit
  178. ASN1_BIT_STRING_check
  179. Integers and enumerated values
  180. ASN1_INTEGER_new
  181. ASN1_INTEGER_free
  182. ASN1_INTEGER_dup
  183. d2i_ASN1_INTEGER
  184. i2d_ASN1_INTEGER
  185. c2i_ASN1_INTEGER
  186. i2c_ASN1_INTEGER
  187. ASN1_INTEGER_set_uint64
  188. ASN1_INTEGER_set_int64
  189. ASN1_INTEGER_get_uint64
  190. ASN1_INTEGER_get_int64
  191. BN_to_ASN1_INTEGER
  192. ASN1_INTEGER_to_BN
  193. ASN1_INTEGER_cmp
  194. ASN1_ENUMERATED_new
  195. ASN1_ENUMERATED_free
  196. d2i_ASN1_ENUMERATED
  197. i2d_ASN1_ENUMERATED
  198. ASN1_ENUMERATED_set_uint64
  199. ASN1_ENUMERATED_set_int64
  200. ASN1_ENUMERATED_get_uint64
  201. ASN1_ENUMERATED_get_int64
  202. BN_to_ASN1_ENUMERATED
  203. ASN1_ENUMERATED_to_BN
  204. Time
  205. ASN1_UTCTIME_new
  206. ASN1_UTCTIME_free
  207. d2i_ASN1_UTCTIME
  208. i2d_ASN1_UTCTIME
  209. ASN1_UTCTIME_check
  210. ASN1_UTCTIME_set
  211. ASN1_UTCTIME_adj
  212. ASN1_UTCTIME_set_string
  213. ASN1_UTCTIME_cmp_time_t
  214. ASN1_GENERALIZEDTIME_new
  215. ASN1_GENERALIZEDTIME_free
  216. d2i_ASN1_GENERALIZEDTIME
  217. i2d_ASN1_GENERALIZEDTIME
  218. ASN1_GENERALIZEDTIME_check
  219. ASN1_GENERALIZEDTIME_set
  220. ASN1_GENERALIZEDTIME_adj
  221. ASN1_GENERALIZEDTIME_set_string
  222. B_ASN1_TIME
  223. ASN1_TIME_new
  224. ASN1_TIME_free
  225. d2i_ASN1_TIME
  226. i2d_ASN1_TIME
  227. ASN1_TIME_diff
  228. ASN1_TIME_set_posix
  229. ASN1_TIME_set
  230. ASN1_TIME_adj
  231. ASN1_TIME_check
  232. ASN1_TIME_to_generalizedtime
  233. ASN1_TIME_set_string
  234. ASN1_TIME_set_string_X509
  235. ASN1_TIME_to_time_t
  236. ASN1_TIME_to_posix
  237. NULL values
  238. ASN1_NULL_new
  239. ASN1_NULL_free
  240. d2i_ASN1_NULL
  241. i2d_ASN1_NULL
  242. Object identifiers
  243. ASN1_OBJECT_create
  244. ASN1_OBJECT_free
  245. d2i_ASN1_OBJECT
  246. i2d_ASN1_OBJECT
  247. c2i_ASN1_OBJECT
  248. Arbitrary elements
  249. asn1_type_st
  250. ASN1_TYPE_new
  251. ASN1_TYPE_free
  252. d2i_ASN1_TYPE
  253. i2d_ASN1_TYPE
  254. ASN1_TYPE_get
  255. ASN1_TYPE_set
  256. ASN1_TYPE_set1
  257. ASN1_TYPE_cmp
  258. d2i_ASN1_SEQUENCE_ANY
  259. i2d_ASN1_SEQUENCE_ANY
  260. d2i_ASN1_SET_ANY
  261. i2d_ASN1_SET_ANY
  262. Human-readable output
  263. ASN1_UTCTIME_print
  264. ASN1_GENERALIZEDTIME_print
  265. ASN1_TIME_print
  266. ASN1_STRING_print
  267. ASN1_STRFLGS_ESC_2253
  268. ASN1_STRFLGS_ESC_CTRL
  269. ASN1_STRFLGS_ESC_MSB
  270. ASN1_STRFLGS_ESC_QUOTE
  271. ASN1_STRFLGS_UTF8_CONVERT
  272. ASN1_STRFLGS_IGNORE_TYPE
  273. ASN1_STRFLGS_SHOW_TYPE
  274. ASN1_STRFLGS_DUMP_ALL
  275. ASN1_STRFLGS_DUMP_UNKNOWN
  276. ASN1_STRFLGS_DUMP_DER
  277. ASN1_STRFLGS_RFC2253
  278. ASN1_STRING_print_ex
  279. ASN1_STRING_print_ex_fp
  280. i2a_ASN1_INTEGER
  281. i2a_ASN1_ENUMERATED
  282. i2a_ASN1_OBJECT
  283. i2a_ASN1_STRING
  284. i2t_ASN1_OBJECT
  285. Low-level encoding functions
  286. ASN1_get_object
  287. ASN1_put_object
  288. ASN1_put_eoc
  289. ASN1_object_size
  290. Function declaration macros
  291. DECLARE_ASN1_FUNCTIONS
  292. DECLARE_ASN1_ALLOC_FUNCTIONS
  293. DECLARE_ASN1_FUNCTIONS_name
  294. DECLARE_ASN1_FUNCTIONS_fname
  295. DECLARE_ASN1_ENCODE_FUNCTIONS
  296. DECLARE_ASN1_ENCODE_FUNCTIONS_const
  297. DECLARE_ASN1_FUNCTIONS_const
  298. DECLARE_ASN1_ALLOC_FUNCTIONS_name
  299. Deprecated functions
  300. ASN1_STRING_set_default_mask
  301. ASN1_STRING_set_default_mask_asc
  302. ASN1_STRING_get_default_mask
  303. ASN1_STRING_TABLE_cleanup
  304. M_ASN1_STRING_length
  305. M_ASN1_STRING_type
  306. M_ASN1_STRING_data
  307. M_ASN1_BIT_STRING_new
  308. M_ASN1_BIT_STRING_free
  309. M_ASN1_BIT_STRING_dup
  310. M_ASN1_BIT_STRING_cmp
  311. M_ASN1_BIT_STRING_set
  312. M_ASN1_INTEGER_new
  313. M_ASN1_INTEGER_free
  314. M_ASN1_INTEGER_dup
  315. M_ASN1_INTEGER_cmp
  316. M_ASN1_ENUMERATED_new
  317. M_ASN1_ENUMERATED_free
  318. M_ASN1_ENUMERATED_dup
  319. M_ASN1_ENUMERATED_cmp
  320. M_ASN1_OCTET_STRING_new
  321. M_ASN1_OCTET_STRING_free
  322. M_ASN1_OCTET_STRING_dup
  323. M_ASN1_OCTET_STRING_cmp
  324. M_ASN1_OCTET_STRING_set
  325. M_ASN1_OCTET_STRING_print
  326. M_ASN1_PRINTABLESTRING_new
  327. M_ASN1_PRINTABLESTRING_free
  328. M_ASN1_IA5STRING_new
  329. M_ASN1_IA5STRING_free
  330. M_ASN1_IA5STRING_dup
  331. M_ASN1_UTCTIME_new
  332. M_ASN1_UTCTIME_free
  333. M_ASN1_UTCTIME_dup
  334. M_ASN1_T61STRING_new
  335. M_ASN1_T61STRING_free
  336. M_ASN1_GENERALIZEDTIME_new
  337. M_ASN1_GENERALIZEDTIME_free
  338. M_ASN1_GENERALIZEDTIME_dup
  339. M_ASN1_GENERALSTRING_new
  340. M_ASN1_GENERALSTRING_free
  341. M_ASN1_UNIVERSALSTRING_new
  342. M_ASN1_UNIVERSALSTRING_free
  343. M_ASN1_BMPSTRING_new
  344. M_ASN1_BMPSTRING_free
  345. M_ASN1_VISIBLESTRING_new
  346. M_ASN1_VISIBLESTRING_free
  347. M_ASN1_UTF8STRING_new
  348. M_ASN1_UTF8STRING_free
  349. B_ASN1_PRINTABLE
  350. ASN1_PRINTABLE_new
  351. ASN1_PRINTABLE_free
  352. d2i_ASN1_PRINTABLE
  353. i2d_ASN1_PRINTABLE
  354. ASN1_INTEGER_set
  355. ASN1_ENUMERATED_set
  356. ASN1_INTEGER_get
  357. ASN1_ENUMERATED_get

Tag constants.

These constants are used in various APIs to specify ASN.1 types and tag components. See the specific API's documentation for details on which values are used and how.

The following constants are tag classes.

#define V_ASN1_UNIVERSAL 0x00
#define V_ASN1_APPLICATION 0x40
#define V_ASN1_CONTEXT_SPECIFIC 0x80
#define V_ASN1_PRIVATE 0xc0

V_ASN1_CONSTRUCTED indicates an element is constructed, rather than primitive.

#define V_ASN1_CONSTRUCTED 0x20

V_ASN1_PRIMITIVE_TAG is the highest tag number which can be encoded in a single byte. Note this is unrelated to whether an element is constructed or primitive.

TODO(davidben): Make this private.

#define V_ASN1_PRIMITIVE_TAG 0x1f

V_ASN1_MAX_UNIVERSAL is the highest supported universal tag number. It is necessary to avoid ambiguity with V_ASN1_NEG and MBSTRING_FLAG.

TODO(davidben): Make this private.

#define V_ASN1_MAX_UNIVERSAL 0xff

V_ASN1_UNDEF is used in some APIs to indicate an ASN.1 element is omitted.

#define V_ASN1_UNDEF (-1)

V_ASN1_OTHER is used in ASN1_TYPE to indicate a non-universal ASN.1 type.

#define V_ASN1_OTHER (-3)

V_ASN1_ANY is used by the ASN.1 templates to indicate an ANY type.

#define V_ASN1_ANY (-4)

The following constants are tag numbers for universal types.

#define V_ASN1_EOC 0
#define V_ASN1_BOOLEAN 1
#define V_ASN1_INTEGER 2
#define V_ASN1_BIT_STRING 3
#define V_ASN1_OCTET_STRING 4
#define V_ASN1_NULL 5
#define V_ASN1_OBJECT 6
#define V_ASN1_OBJECT_DESCRIPTOR 7
#define V_ASN1_EXTERNAL 8
#define V_ASN1_REAL 9
#define V_ASN1_ENUMERATED 10
#define V_ASN1_UTF8STRING 12
#define V_ASN1_SEQUENCE 16
#define V_ASN1_SET 17
#define V_ASN1_NUMERICSTRING 18
#define V_ASN1_PRINTABLESTRING 19
#define V_ASN1_T61STRING 20
#define V_ASN1_TELETEXSTRING 20
#define V_ASN1_VIDEOTEXSTRING 21
#define V_ASN1_IA5STRING 22
#define V_ASN1_UTCTIME 23
#define V_ASN1_GENERALIZEDTIME 24
#define V_ASN1_GRAPHICSTRING 25
#define V_ASN1_ISO64STRING 26
#define V_ASN1_VISIBLESTRING 26
#define V_ASN1_GENERALSTRING 27
#define V_ASN1_UNIVERSALSTRING 28
#define V_ASN1_BMPSTRING 30

The following constants are used for ASN1_STRING values that represent negative INTEGER and ENUMERATED values. See ASN1_STRING for more details.

#define V_ASN1_NEG 0x100
#define V_ASN1_NEG_INTEGER (V_ASN1_INTEGER | V_ASN1_NEG)
#define V_ASN1_NEG_ENUMERATED (V_ASN1_ENUMERATED | V_ASN1_NEG)

The following constants are bitmask representations of ASN.1 types.

#define B_ASN1_NUMERICSTRING 0x0001
#define B_ASN1_PRINTABLESTRING 0x0002
#define B_ASN1_T61STRING 0x0004
#define B_ASN1_TELETEXSTRING 0x0004
#define B_ASN1_VIDEOTEXSTRING 0x0008
#define B_ASN1_IA5STRING 0x0010
#define B_ASN1_GRAPHICSTRING 0x0020
#define B_ASN1_ISO64STRING 0x0040
#define B_ASN1_VISIBLESTRING 0x0040
#define B_ASN1_GENERALSTRING 0x0080
#define B_ASN1_UNIVERSALSTRING 0x0100
#define B_ASN1_OCTET_STRING 0x0200
#define B_ASN1_BIT_STRING 0x0400
#define B_ASN1_BMPSTRING 0x0800
#define B_ASN1_UNKNOWN 0x1000
#define B_ASN1_UTF8STRING 0x2000
#define B_ASN1_UTCTIME 0x4000
#define B_ASN1_GENERALIZEDTIME 0x8000
#define B_ASN1_SEQUENCE 0x10000

ASN1_tag2bit converts tag from the tag number of a universal type to a corresponding B_ASN1_* constant, B_ASN1_UNKNOWN, or zero. If the B_ASN1_* constant above is defined, it will map the corresponding V_ASN1_* constant to it. Otherwise, whether it returns B_ASN1_UNKNOWN or zero is ill-defined and callers should not rely on it.

TODO(https://crbug.com/boringssl/412): Figure out what B_ASN1_UNNOWN vs zero is meant to be. The main impact is what values go in B_ASN1_PRINTABLE. To that end, we must return zero on types that can't go in ASN1_STRING.

OPENSSL_EXPORT unsigned long ASN1_tag2bit(int tag);

ASN1_tag2str returns a string representation of tag, interpret as a tag number for a universal type, or V_ASN1_NEG_*.

OPENSSL_EXPORT const char *ASN1_tag2str(int tag);

API conventions.

The following sample functions document the calling conventions used by legacy ASN.1 APIs.

#if 0  // Sample functions

d2i_SAMPLE parses a structure from up to len bytes at *inp. On success, it advances *inp by the number of bytes read and returns a newly-allocated SAMPLE object containing the parsed structure. If out is non-NULL, it additionally frees the previous value at *out and updates *out to the result. If parsing or allocating the result fails, it returns NULL.

This function does not reject trailing data in the input. This allows the caller to parse a sequence of concatenated structures. Callers parsing only one structure should check for trailing data by comparing the updated *inp with the end of the input.

Note: If out and *out are both non-NULL, the object at *out is not updated in-place. Instead, it is freed, and the pointer is updated to the new object. This differs from OpenSSL. Callers are recommended to set out to NULL and instead use the return value.

SAMPLE *d2i_SAMPLE(SAMPLE **out, const uint8_t **inp, long len);

i2d_SAMPLE marshals in. On error, it returns a negative value. On success, it returns the length of the result and outputs it via outp as follows:

If outp is NULL, the function writes nothing. This mode can be used to size buffers.

If outp is non-NULL but *outp is NULL, the function sets *outp to a newly-allocated buffer containing the result. The caller is responsible for releasing *outp with OPENSSL_free. This mode is recommended for most callers.

If outp and *outp are non-NULL, the function writes the result to *outp, which must have enough space available, and advances *outp just past the output.

WARNING: In the third mode, the function does not internally check output bounds. Failing to correctly size the buffer will result in a potentially exploitable memory error.

int i2d_SAMPLE(const SAMPLE *in, uint8_t **outp);
#endif  // Sample functions

The following typedefs are sometimes used for pointers to functions like d2i_SAMPLE and i2d_SAMPLE. Note, however, that these act on void*. Calling a function with a different pointer type is undefined in C, so this is only valid with a wrapper.

typedef void *d2i_of_void(void **, const unsigned char **, long);
typedef int i2d_of_void(const void *, unsigned char **);

ASN.1 types.

An ASN1_ITEM represents an ASN.1 type and allows working with ASN.1 types generically.

ASN1_ITEMs use a different namespace from C types and are accessed via ASN1_ITEM_* macros. So, for example, ASN1_OCTET_STRING is both a C type and the name of an ASN1_ITEM, referenced as ASN1_ITEM_rptr(ASN1_OCTET_STRING).

Each ASN1_ITEM has a corresponding C type, typically with the same name, which represents values in the ASN.1 type. This type is either a pointer type or ASN1_BOOLEAN. When it is a pointer, NULL pointers represent omitted values. For example, an OCTET STRING value is declared with the C type ASN1_OCTET_STRING* and uses the ASN1_ITEM named ASN1_OCTET_STRING. An OPTIONAL OCTET STRING uses the same C type and represents an omitted value with a NULL pointer. ASN1_BOOLEAN is described in a later section.

DECLARE_ASN1_ITEM declares an ASN1_ITEM with name name. The ASN1_ITEM may be referenced with ASN1_ITEM_rptr. Uses of this macro should document the corresponding ASN.1 and C types.

#define DECLARE_ASN1_ITEM(name) extern OPENSSL_EXPORT const ASN1_ITEM name##_it;

ASN1_ITEM_rptr returns the |const ASN1_ITEM *| named name.

#define ASN1_ITEM_rptr(name) (&(name##_it))

ASN1_ITEM_EXP is an abstraction for referencing an ASN1_ITEM in a constant-initialized structure, such as a method table. It exists because, on some OpenSSL platforms, ASN1_ITEM references are indirected through functions. Structures reference the ASN1_ITEM by declaring a field like |ASN1_ITEM_EXP *item| and initializing it with ASN1_ITEM_ref.

typedef const ASN1_ITEM ASN1_ITEM_EXP;

ASN1_ITEM_ref returns an ASN1_ITEM_EXP* for the ASN1_ITEM named name.

#define ASN1_ITEM_ref(name) (&(name##_it))

ASN1_ITEM_ptr converts iptr, which must be an ASN1_ITEM_EXP* to a |const ASN1_ITEM*|.

#define ASN1_ITEM_ptr(iptr) (iptr)

ASN1_VALUE_st (aka ASN1_VALUE) is an opaque type used as a placeholder for the C type corresponding to an ASN1_ITEM.

typedef struct ASN1_VALUE_st ASN1_VALUE;

ASN1_item_new allocates a new value of the C type corresponding to it, or NULL on error. On success, the caller must release the value with ASN1_item_free, or the corresponding C type's free function, when done. The new value will initialize fields of the value to some default state, such as an empty string. Note, however, that this default state sometimes omits required values, such as with CHOICE types.

This function may not be used with ASN1_ITEMs whose C type is ASN1_BOOLEAN.

WARNING: Casting the result of this function to the wrong type is a potentially exploitable memory error. Callers must ensure the value is used consistently with it. Prefer using type-specific functions such as ASN1_OCTET_STRING_new.

OPENSSL_EXPORT ASN1_VALUE *ASN1_item_new(const ASN1_ITEM *it);

ASN1_item_free releases memory associated with val, which must be an object of the C type corresponding to it.

This function may not be used with ASN1_ITEMs whose C type is ASN1_BOOLEAN.

WARNING: Passing a pointer of the wrong type into this function is a potentially exploitable memory error. Callers must ensure val is consistent with it. Prefer using type-specific functions such as ASN1_OCTET_STRING_free.

OPENSSL_EXPORT void ASN1_item_free(ASN1_VALUE *val, const ASN1_ITEM *it);

ASN1_item_d2i parses the ASN.1 type it from up to len bytes at *inp. It behaves like d2i_SAMPLE, except that out and the return value are cast to ASN1_VALUE pointers.

TODO(https://crbug.com/boringssl/444): C strict aliasing forbids type-punning T* and ASN1_VALUE* the way this function signature does. When that bug is resolved, we will need to pick which type *out is (probably T*). Do not use a non-NULL out to avoid ending up on the wrong side of this question.

This function may not be used with ASN1_ITEMs whose C type is ASN1_BOOLEAN.

WARNING: Casting the result of this function to the wrong type, or passing a pointer of the wrong type into this function, are potentially exploitable memory errors. Callers must ensure out is consistent with it. Prefer using type-specific functions such as d2i_ASN1_OCTET_STRING.

OPENSSL_EXPORT ASN1_VALUE *ASN1_item_d2i(ASN1_VALUE **out,
                                         const unsigned char **inp, long len,
                                         const ASN1_ITEM *it);

ASN1_item_i2d marshals val as the ASN.1 type associated with it, as described in i2d_SAMPLE.

This function may not be used with ASN1_ITEMs whose C type is ASN1_BOOLEAN.

WARNING: Passing a pointer of the wrong type into this function is a potentially exploitable memory error. Callers must ensure val is consistent with it. Prefer using type-specific functions such as i2d_ASN1_OCTET_STRING.

OPENSSL_EXPORT int ASN1_item_i2d(ASN1_VALUE *val, unsigned char **outp,
                                 const ASN1_ITEM *it);

ASN1_item_dup returns a newly-allocated copy of x, or NULL on error. x must be an object of it's C type.

This function may not be used with ASN1_ITEMs whose C type is ASN1_BOOLEAN.

WARNING: Casting the result of this function to the wrong type, or passing a pointer of the wrong type into this function, are potentially exploitable memory errors. Prefer using type-specific functions such as ASN1_STRING_dup.

OPENSSL_EXPORT void *ASN1_item_dup(const ASN1_ITEM *it, void *x);

The following functions behave like ASN1_item_d2i but read from in instead. out is the same parameter as in ASN1_item_d2i, but written with void* instead. The return values similarly match.

These functions may not be used with ASN1_ITEMs whose C type is ASN1_BOOLEAN.

WARNING: These functions do not bound how much data is read from in. Parsing an untrusted input could consume unbounded memory.

OPENSSL_EXPORT void *ASN1_item_d2i_fp(const ASN1_ITEM *it, FILE *in, void *out);
OPENSSL_EXPORT void *ASN1_item_d2i_bio(const ASN1_ITEM *it, BIO *in, void *out);

The following functions behave like ASN1_item_i2d but write to out instead. in is the same parameter as in ASN1_item_i2d, but written with void* instead.

These functions may not be used with ASN1_ITEMs whose C type is ASN1_BOOLEAN.

OPENSSL_EXPORT int ASN1_item_i2d_fp(const ASN1_ITEM *it, FILE *out, void *in);
OPENSSL_EXPORT int ASN1_item_i2d_bio(const ASN1_ITEM *it, BIO *out, void *in);

ASN1_item_unpack parses oct's contents as it's ASN.1 type. It returns a newly-allocated instance of it's C type on success, or NULL on error.

This function may not be used with ASN1_ITEMs whose C type is ASN1_BOOLEAN.

WARNING: Casting the result of this function to the wrong type is a potentially exploitable memory error. Callers must ensure the value is used consistently with it.

OPENSSL_EXPORT void *ASN1_item_unpack(const ASN1_STRING *oct,
                                      const ASN1_ITEM *it);

ASN1_item_pack marshals obj as it's ASN.1 type. If out is NULL, it returns a newly-allocated ASN1_STRING with the result, or NULL on error. If out is non-NULL, but *out is NULL, it does the same but additionally sets *out to the result. If both out and *out are non-NULL, it writes the result to *out and returns *out on success or NULL on error.

This function may not be used with ASN1_ITEMs whose C type is ASN1_BOOLEAN.

WARNING: Passing a pointer of the wrong type into this function is a potentially exploitable memory error. Callers must ensure val is consistent with it.

OPENSSL_EXPORT ASN1_STRING *ASN1_item_pack(void *obj, const ASN1_ITEM *it,
                                           ASN1_STRING **out);

Booleans.

This library represents ASN.1 BOOLEAN values with ASN1_BOOLEAN, which is an integer type. FALSE is zero, TRUE is 0xff, and an omitted OPTIONAL BOOLEAN is -1.

ASN1_BOOLEAN_FALSE is FALSE as an ASN1_BOOLEAN.

#define ASN1_BOOLEAN_FALSE 0

ASN1_BOOLEAN_TRUE is TRUE as an ASN1_BOOLEAN. Some code incorrectly uses 1, so prefer |b != ASN1_BOOLEAN_FALSE| over |b == ASN1_BOOLEAN_TRUE|.

#define ASN1_BOOLEAN_TRUE 0xff

ASN1_BOOLEAN_NONE, in contexts where the ASN1_BOOLEAN represents an OPTIONAL BOOLEAN, is an omitted value. Using this value in other contexts is undefined and may be misinterpreted as TRUE.

#define ASN1_BOOLEAN_NONE (-1)

d2i_ASN1_BOOLEAN parses a DER-encoded ASN.1 BOOLEAN from up to len bytes at *inp. On success, it advances *inp by the number of bytes read and returns the result. If out is non-NULL, it additionally writes the result to *out. On error, it returns ASN1_BOOLEAN_NONE.

This function does not reject trailing data in the input. This allows the caller to parse a sequence of concatenated structures. Callers parsing only one structure should check for trailing data by comparing the updated *inp with the end of the input.

WARNING: This function's is slightly different from other d2i_* functions because ASN1_BOOLEAN is not a pointer type.

OPENSSL_EXPORT ASN1_BOOLEAN d2i_ASN1_BOOLEAN(ASN1_BOOLEAN *out,
                                             const unsigned char **inp,
                                             long len);

i2d_ASN1_BOOLEAN marshals a as a DER-encoded ASN.1 BOOLEAN, as described in i2d_SAMPLE.

OPENSSL_EXPORT int i2d_ASN1_BOOLEAN(ASN1_BOOLEAN a, unsigned char **outp);

The following ASN1_ITEMs have ASN.1 type BOOLEAN and C type ASN1_BOOLEAN. ASN1_TBOOLEAN and ASN1_FBOOLEAN must be marked OPTIONAL. When omitted, they are parsed as TRUE and FALSE, respectively, rather than ASN1_BOOLEAN_NONE.

DECLARE_ASN1_ITEM(ASN1_BOOLEAN)
DECLARE_ASN1_ITEM(ASN1_TBOOLEAN)
DECLARE_ASN1_ITEM(ASN1_FBOOLEAN)

Strings.

ASN.1 contains a myriad of string types, as well as types that contain data that may be encoded into a string. This library uses a single type, ASN1_STRING, to represent most values.

An asn1_string_st (aka ASN1_STRING) represents a value of a string-like ASN.1 type. It contains a type field, and a byte string data field with a type-specific representation.

If type is one of V_ASN1_OCTET_STRING, V_ASN1_UTF8STRING, V_ASN1_NUMERICSTRING, V_ASN1_PRINTABLESTRING, V_ASN1_T61STRING, V_ASN1_VIDEOTEXSTRING, V_ASN1_IA5STRING, V_ASN1_GRAPHICSTRING, V_ASN1_ISO64STRING, V_ASN1_VISIBLESTRING, V_ASN1_GENERALSTRING, V_ASN1_UNIVERSALSTRING, or V_ASN1_BMPSTRING, the object represents an ASN.1 string type. The data contains the byte representation of the string.

If type is V_ASN1_BIT_STRING, the object represents a BIT STRING value. See bit string documentation below for the data and flags.

If type is one of V_ASN1_INTEGER, V_ASN1_NEG_INTEGER, V_ASN1_ENUMERATED, or V_ASN1_NEG_ENUMERATED, the object represents an INTEGER or ENUMERATED value. See integer documentation below for details.

If type is V_ASN1_GENERALIZEDTIME or V_ASN1_UTCTIME, the object represents a GeneralizedTime or UTCTime value, respectively. The data contains the DER encoding of the value. For example, the UNIX epoch would be "19700101000000Z" for a GeneralizedTime and "700101000000Z" for a UTCTime.

If type is V_ASN1_SEQUENCE, V_ASN1_SET, or V_ASN1_OTHER, the object represents a SEQUENCE, SET, or arbitrary ASN.1 value, respectively. Unlike the above cases, the data contains the DER encoding of the entire structure, including the header. If the value is explicitly or implicitly tagged, this too will be reflected in the data field. As this case handles unknown types, the contents are not checked when parsing or serializing.

Other values of type do not represent a valid ASN.1 value, though default-constructed objects may set type to -1. Such objects cannot be serialized.

ASN1_STRING additionally has the following typedefs: ASN1_BIT_STRING, ASN1_BMPSTRING, ASN1_ENUMERATED, ASN1_GENERALIZEDTIME, ASN1_GENERALSTRING, ASN1_IA5STRING, ASN1_INTEGER, ASN1_OCTET_STRING, ASN1_PRINTABLESTRING, ASN1_T61STRING, ASN1_TIME, ASN1_UNIVERSALSTRING, ASN1_UTCTIME, ASN1_UTF8STRING, and ASN1_VISIBLESTRING. Other than ASN1_TIME, these correspond to universal ASN.1 types. ASN1_TIME represents a CHOICE of UTCTime and GeneralizedTime, with a cutoff of 2049, as used in Section 4.1.2.5 of RFC 5280.

For clarity, callers are encouraged to use the appropriate typedef when available. They are the same type as ASN1_STRING, so a caller may freely pass them into functions expecting ASN1_STRING, such as ASN1_STRING_length.

If a function returns an ASN1_STRING where the typedef or ASN.1 structure implies constraints on type, callers may assume that type is correct. However, if a function takes an ASN1_STRING as input, callers must ensure type matches. These invariants are not captured by the C type system and may not be checked at runtime. For example, callers may assume the output of X509_get0_serialNumber has type V_ASN1_INTEGER or V_ASN1_NEG_INTEGER. Callers must not pass a string of type V_ASN1_OCTET_STRING to X509_set_serialNumber. Doing so may break invariants on the X509 object and break the X509_get0_serialNumber invariant.

TODO(https://crbug.com/boringssl/445): This is very unfriendly. Getting the type field wrong should not cause memory errors, but it may do strange things. We should add runtime checks to anything that consumes ASN1_STRINGs from the caller.

struct asn1_string_st {
  int length;
  int type;
  unsigned char *data;
  long flags;
};

ASN1_STRING_FLAG_BITS_LEFT indicates, in a BIT STRING ASN1_STRING, that flags & 0x7 contains the number of padding bits added to the BIT STRING value. When not set, all trailing zero bits in the last byte are implicitly treated as padding. This behavior is deprecated and should not be used.

#define ASN1_STRING_FLAG_BITS_LEFT 0x08

ASN1_STRING_type_new returns a newly-allocated empty ASN1_STRING object of type type, or NULL on error.

OPENSSL_EXPORT ASN1_STRING *ASN1_STRING_type_new(int type);

ASN1_STRING_new returns a newly-allocated empty ASN1_STRING object with an arbitrary type. Prefer one of the type-specific constructors, such as ASN1_OCTET_STRING_new, or ASN1_STRING_type_new.

OPENSSL_EXPORT ASN1_STRING *ASN1_STRING_new(void);

ASN1_STRING_free releases memory associated with str.

OPENSSL_EXPORT void ASN1_STRING_free(ASN1_STRING *str);

ASN1_STRING_copy sets dst to a copy of str. It returns one on success and zero on error.

OPENSSL_EXPORT int ASN1_STRING_copy(ASN1_STRING *dst, const ASN1_STRING *str);

ASN1_STRING_dup returns a newly-allocated copy of str, or NULL on error.

OPENSSL_EXPORT ASN1_STRING *ASN1_STRING_dup(const ASN1_STRING *str);

ASN1_STRING_type returns the type of str. This value will be one of the V_ASN1_* constants.

OPENSSL_EXPORT int ASN1_STRING_type(const ASN1_STRING *str);

ASN1_STRING_get0_data returns a pointer to str's contents. Callers should use ASN1_STRING_length to determine the length of the string. The string may have embedded NUL bytes and may not be NUL-terminated.

OPENSSL_EXPORT const unsigned char *ASN1_STRING_get0_data(
    const ASN1_STRING *str);

ASN1_STRING_data returns a mutable pointer to str's contents. Callers should use ASN1_STRING_length to determine the length of the string. The string may have embedded NUL bytes and may not be NUL-terminated.

Prefer ASN1_STRING_get0_data.

OPENSSL_EXPORT unsigned char *ASN1_STRING_data(ASN1_STRING *str);

ASN1_STRING_length returns the length of str, in bytes.

OPENSSL_EXPORT int ASN1_STRING_length(const ASN1_STRING *str);

ASN1_STRING_cmp compares a and b's type and contents. It returns an integer equal to, less than, or greater than zero if a is equal to, less than, or greater than b, respectively. This function compares by length, then data, then type. Note the data compared is the ASN1_STRING internal representation and the type order is arbitrary. While this comparison is suitable for sorting, callers should not rely on the exact order when a and b are different types.

Note that, if a and b are INTEGERs, this comparison does not order the values numerically. For a numerical comparison, use ASN1_INTEGER_cmp.

OPENSSL_EXPORT int ASN1_STRING_cmp(const ASN1_STRING *a, const ASN1_STRING *b);

ASN1_STRING_set sets the contents of str to a copy of len bytes from data. It returns one on success and zero on error. If data is NULL, it updates the length and allocates the buffer as needed, but does not initialize the contents.

OPENSSL_EXPORT int ASN1_STRING_set(ASN1_STRING *str, const void *data,
                                   ossl_ssize_t len);

ASN1_STRING_set0 sets the contents of str to len bytes from data. It takes ownership of data, which must have been allocated with OPENSSL_malloc.

OPENSSL_EXPORT void ASN1_STRING_set0(ASN1_STRING *str, void *data, int len);

The following functions call ASN1_STRING_type_new with the corresponding V_ASN1_* constant.

OPENSSL_EXPORT ASN1_BMPSTRING *ASN1_BMPSTRING_new(void);
OPENSSL_EXPORT ASN1_GENERALSTRING *ASN1_GENERALSTRING_new(void);
OPENSSL_EXPORT ASN1_IA5STRING *ASN1_IA5STRING_new(void);
OPENSSL_EXPORT ASN1_OCTET_STRING *ASN1_OCTET_STRING_new(void);
OPENSSL_EXPORT ASN1_PRINTABLESTRING *ASN1_PRINTABLESTRING_new(void);
OPENSSL_EXPORT ASN1_T61STRING *ASN1_T61STRING_new(void);
OPENSSL_EXPORT ASN1_UNIVERSALSTRING *ASN1_UNIVERSALSTRING_new(void);
OPENSSL_EXPORT ASN1_UTF8STRING *ASN1_UTF8STRING_new(void);
OPENSSL_EXPORT ASN1_VISIBLESTRING *ASN1_VISIBLESTRING_new(void);

The following functions call ASN1_STRING_free.

OPENSSL_EXPORT void ASN1_BMPSTRING_free(ASN1_BMPSTRING *str);
OPENSSL_EXPORT void ASN1_GENERALSTRING_free(ASN1_GENERALSTRING *str);
OPENSSL_EXPORT void ASN1_IA5STRING_free(ASN1_IA5STRING *str);
OPENSSL_EXPORT void ASN1_OCTET_STRING_free(ASN1_OCTET_STRING *str);
OPENSSL_EXPORT void ASN1_PRINTABLESTRING_free(ASN1_PRINTABLESTRING *str);
OPENSSL_EXPORT void ASN1_T61STRING_free(ASN1_T61STRING *str);
OPENSSL_EXPORT void ASN1_UNIVERSALSTRING_free(ASN1_UNIVERSALSTRING *str);
OPENSSL_EXPORT void ASN1_UTF8STRING_free(ASN1_UTF8STRING *str);
OPENSSL_EXPORT void ASN1_VISIBLESTRING_free(ASN1_VISIBLESTRING *str);

The following functions parse up to len bytes from *inp as a DER-encoded ASN.1 value of the corresponding type, as described in d2i_SAMPLE.

OPENSSL_EXPORT ASN1_BMPSTRING *d2i_ASN1_BMPSTRING(ASN1_BMPSTRING **out,
                                                  const uint8_t **inp,
                                                  long len);
OPENSSL_EXPORT ASN1_GENERALSTRING *d2i_ASN1_GENERALSTRING(
    ASN1_GENERALSTRING **out, const uint8_t **inp, long len);
OPENSSL_EXPORT ASN1_IA5STRING *d2i_ASN1_IA5STRING(ASN1_IA5STRING **out,
                                                  const uint8_t **inp,
                                                  long len);
OPENSSL_EXPORT ASN1_OCTET_STRING *d2i_ASN1_OCTET_STRING(ASN1_OCTET_STRING **out,
                                                        const uint8_t **inp,
                                                        long len);
OPENSSL_EXPORT ASN1_PRINTABLESTRING *d2i_ASN1_PRINTABLESTRING(
    ASN1_PRINTABLESTRING **out, const uint8_t **inp, long len);
OPENSSL_EXPORT ASN1_T61STRING *d2i_ASN1_T61STRING(ASN1_T61STRING **out,
                                                  const uint8_t **inp,
                                                  long len);
OPENSSL_EXPORT ASN1_UNIVERSALSTRING *d2i_ASN1_UNIVERSALSTRING(
    ASN1_UNIVERSALSTRING **out, const uint8_t **inp, long len);
OPENSSL_EXPORT ASN1_UTF8STRING *d2i_ASN1_UTF8STRING(ASN1_UTF8STRING **out,
                                                    const uint8_t **inp,
                                                    long len);
OPENSSL_EXPORT ASN1_VISIBLESTRING *d2i_ASN1_VISIBLESTRING(
    ASN1_VISIBLESTRING **out, const uint8_t **inp, long len);

The following functions marshal in as a DER-encoded ASN.1 value of the corresponding type, as described in i2d_SAMPLE.

OPENSSL_EXPORT int i2d_ASN1_BMPSTRING(const ASN1_BMPSTRING *in, uint8_t **outp);
OPENSSL_EXPORT int i2d_ASN1_GENERALSTRING(const ASN1_GENERALSTRING *in,
                                          uint8_t **outp);
OPENSSL_EXPORT int i2d_ASN1_IA5STRING(const ASN1_IA5STRING *in, uint8_t **outp);
OPENSSL_EXPORT int i2d_ASN1_OCTET_STRING(const ASN1_OCTET_STRING *in,
                                         uint8_t **outp);
OPENSSL_EXPORT int i2d_ASN1_PRINTABLESTRING(const ASN1_PRINTABLESTRING *in,
                                            uint8_t **outp);
OPENSSL_EXPORT int i2d_ASN1_T61STRING(const ASN1_T61STRING *in, uint8_t **outp);
OPENSSL_EXPORT int i2d_ASN1_UNIVERSALSTRING(const ASN1_UNIVERSALSTRING *in,
                                            uint8_t **outp);
OPENSSL_EXPORT int i2d_ASN1_UTF8STRING(const ASN1_UTF8STRING *in,
                                       uint8_t **outp);
OPENSSL_EXPORT int i2d_ASN1_VISIBLESTRING(const ASN1_VISIBLESTRING *in,
                                          uint8_t **outp);

The following ASN1_ITEMs have the ASN.1 type referred to in their name and C type ASN1_STRING*. The C type may also be written as the corresponding typedef.

DECLARE_ASN1_ITEM(ASN1_BMPSTRING)
DECLARE_ASN1_ITEM(ASN1_GENERALSTRING)
DECLARE_ASN1_ITEM(ASN1_IA5STRING)
DECLARE_ASN1_ITEM(ASN1_OCTET_STRING)
DECLARE_ASN1_ITEM(ASN1_PRINTABLESTRING)
DECLARE_ASN1_ITEM(ASN1_T61STRING)
DECLARE_ASN1_ITEM(ASN1_UNIVERSALSTRING)
DECLARE_ASN1_ITEM(ASN1_UTF8STRING)
DECLARE_ASN1_ITEM(ASN1_VISIBLESTRING)

ASN1_OCTET_STRING_dup calls ASN1_STRING_dup.

OPENSSL_EXPORT ASN1_OCTET_STRING *ASN1_OCTET_STRING_dup(
    const ASN1_OCTET_STRING *a);

ASN1_OCTET_STRING_cmp calls ASN1_STRING_cmp.

OPENSSL_EXPORT int ASN1_OCTET_STRING_cmp(const ASN1_OCTET_STRING *a,
                                         const ASN1_OCTET_STRING *b);

ASN1_OCTET_STRING_set calls ASN1_STRING_set.

OPENSSL_EXPORT int ASN1_OCTET_STRING_set(ASN1_OCTET_STRING *str,
                                         const unsigned char *data, int len);

ASN1_STRING_to_UTF8 converts in to UTF-8. On success, sets *out to a newly-allocated buffer containing the resulting string and returns the length of the string. The caller must call OPENSSL_free to release *out when done. On error, it returns a negative number.

OPENSSL_EXPORT int ASN1_STRING_to_UTF8(unsigned char **out,
                                       const ASN1_STRING *in);

The following formats define encodings for use with functions like ASN1_mbstring_copy. Note MBSTRING_ASC refers to Latin-1, not ASCII.

#define MBSTRING_FLAG 0x1000
#define MBSTRING_UTF8 (MBSTRING_FLAG)
#define MBSTRING_ASC (MBSTRING_FLAG | 1)
#define MBSTRING_BMP (MBSTRING_FLAG | 2)
#define MBSTRING_UNIV (MBSTRING_FLAG | 4)

DIRSTRING_TYPE contains the valid string types in an X.509 DirectoryString.

#define DIRSTRING_TYPE                                            \
  (B_ASN1_PRINTABLESTRING | B_ASN1_T61STRING | B_ASN1_BMPSTRING | \
   B_ASN1_UTF8STRING)

PKCS9STRING_TYPE contains the valid string types in a PKCS9String.

#define PKCS9STRING_TYPE (DIRSTRING_TYPE | B_ASN1_IA5STRING)

ASN1_mbstring_copy converts len bytes from in to an ASN.1 string. If len is -1, in must be NUL-terminated and the length is determined by strlen. in is decoded according to inform, which must be one of MBSTRING_*. mask determines the set of valid output types and is a bitmask containing a subset of B_ASN1_PRINTABLESTRING, B_ASN1_IA5STRING, B_ASN1_T61STRING, B_ASN1_BMPSTRING, B_ASN1_UNIVERSALSTRING, and B_ASN1_UTF8STRING, in that preference order. This function chooses the first output type in mask which can represent in. It interprets T61String as Latin-1, rather than T.61.

If mask is zero, DIRSTRING_TYPE is used by default.

On success, this function returns the V_ASN1_* constant corresponding to the selected output type and, if out and *out are both non-NULL, updates the object at *out with the result. If out is non-NULL and *out is NULL, it instead sets *out to a newly-allocated ASN1_STRING containing the result. If out is NULL, it returns the selected output type without constructing an ASN1_STRING. On error, this function returns -1.

OPENSSL_EXPORT int ASN1_mbstring_copy(ASN1_STRING **out, const uint8_t *in,
                                      ossl_ssize_t len, int inform,
                                      unsigned long mask);

ASN1_mbstring_ncopy behaves like ASN1_mbstring_copy but returns an error if the input is less than minsize or greater than maxsize codepoints long. A maxsize value of zero is ignored. Note the sizes are measured in codepoints, not output bytes.

OPENSSL_EXPORT int ASN1_mbstring_ncopy(ASN1_STRING **out, const uint8_t *in,
                                       ossl_ssize_t len, int inform,
                                       unsigned long mask, ossl_ssize_t minsize,
                                       ossl_ssize_t maxsize);

ASN1_STRING_set_by_NID behaves like ASN1_mbstring_ncopy, but determines mask, minsize, and maxsize based on nid. When nid is a recognized X.509 attribute type, it will pick a suitable ASN.1 string type and bounds. For most attribute types, it preferentially chooses UTF8String. If nid is unrecognized, it uses UTF8String by default.

Slightly unlike ASN1_mbstring_ncopy, this function interprets out and returns its result as follows: If out is NULL, it returns a newly-allocated ASN1_STRING containing the result. If out is non-NULL and *out is NULL, it additionally sets *out to the result. If both out and *out are non-NULL, it instead updates the object at *out and returns *out. In all cases, it returns NULL on error.

This function supports the following NIDs: NID_countryName, NID_dnQualifier, NID_domainComponent, NID_friendlyName, NID_givenName, NID_initials, NID_localityName, NID_ms_csp_name, NID_name, NID_organizationalUnitName, NID_organizationName, NID_pkcs9_challengePassword, NID_pkcs9_emailAddress, NID_pkcs9_unstructuredAddress, NID_pkcs9_unstructuredName, NID_serialNumber, NID_stateOrProvinceName, and NID_surname. Additional NIDs may be registered with ASN1_STRING_set_by_NID, but it is recommended to call ASN1_mbstring_ncopy directly instead.

OPENSSL_EXPORT ASN1_STRING *ASN1_STRING_set_by_NID(ASN1_STRING **out,
                                                   const unsigned char *in,
                                                   ossl_ssize_t len, int inform,
                                                   int nid);

STABLE_NO_MASK causes ASN1_STRING_TABLE_add to allow types other than UTF8String.

#define STABLE_NO_MASK 0x02

ASN1_STRING_TABLE_add registers the corresponding parameters with nid, for use with ASN1_STRING_set_by_NID. It returns one on success and zero on error. It is an error to call this function if nid is a built-in NID, or was already registered by a previous call.

WARNING: This function affects global state in the library. If two libraries in the same address space register information for the same OID, one call will fail. Prefer directly passing the desired parametrs to ASN1_mbstring_copy or ASN1_mbstring_ncopy instead.

OPENSSL_EXPORT int ASN1_STRING_TABLE_add(int nid, long minsize, long maxsize,
                                         unsigned long mask,
                                         unsigned long flags);

Multi-strings.

A multi-string, or "MSTRING", is an ASN1_STRING that represents a CHOICE of several string or string-like types, such as X.509's DirectoryString. The ASN1_STRING's type field determines which type is used.

Multi-string types are associated with a bitmask, using the B_ASN1_* constants, which defines which types are valid.

B_ASN1_DIRECTORYSTRING is a bitmask of types allowed in an X.509 DirectoryString (RFC 5280).

#define B_ASN1_DIRECTORYSTRING                                        \
  (B_ASN1_PRINTABLESTRING | B_ASN1_TELETEXSTRING | B_ASN1_BMPSTRING | \
   B_ASN1_UNIVERSALSTRING | B_ASN1_UTF8STRING)

DIRECTORYSTRING_new returns a newly-allocated ASN1_STRING with type -1, or NULL on error. The resulting ASN1_STRING is not a valid X.509 DirectoryString until initialized with a value.

OPENSSL_EXPORT ASN1_STRING *DIRECTORYSTRING_new(void);

DIRECTORYSTRING_free calls ASN1_STRING_free.

OPENSSL_EXPORT void DIRECTORYSTRING_free(ASN1_STRING *str);

d2i_DIRECTORYSTRING parses up to len bytes from *inp as a DER-encoded X.509 DirectoryString (RFC 5280), as described in d2i_SAMPLE.

TODO(https://crbug.com/boringssl/354): This function currently also accepts BER, but this will be removed in the future.

TODO(https://crbug.com/boringssl/449): DirectoryString's non-empty string requirement is not currently enforced.

OPENSSL_EXPORT ASN1_STRING *d2i_DIRECTORYSTRING(ASN1_STRING **out,
                                                const uint8_t **inp, long len);

i2d_DIRECTORYSTRING marshals in as a DER-encoded X.509 DirectoryString (RFC 5280), as described in i2d_SAMPLE.

OPENSSL_EXPORT int i2d_DIRECTORYSTRING(const ASN1_STRING *in, uint8_t **outp);

DIRECTORYSTRING is an ASN1_ITEM whose ASN.1 type is X.509 DirectoryString (RFC 5280) and C type is ASN1_STRING*.

DECLARE_ASN1_ITEM(DIRECTORYSTRING)

B_ASN1_DISPLAYTEXT is a bitmask of types allowed in an X.509 DisplayText (RFC 5280).

#define B_ASN1_DISPLAYTEXT                                      \
  (B_ASN1_IA5STRING | B_ASN1_VISIBLESTRING | B_ASN1_BMPSTRING | \
   B_ASN1_UTF8STRING)

DISPLAYTEXT_new returns a newly-allocated ASN1_STRING with type -1, or NULL on error. The resulting ASN1_STRING is not a valid X.509 DisplayText until initialized with a value.

OPENSSL_EXPORT ASN1_STRING *DISPLAYTEXT_new(void);

DISPLAYTEXT_free calls ASN1_STRING_free.

OPENSSL_EXPORT void DISPLAYTEXT_free(ASN1_STRING *str);

d2i_DISPLAYTEXT parses up to len bytes from *inp as a DER-encoded X.509 DisplayText (RFC 5280), as described in d2i_SAMPLE.

TODO(https://crbug.com/boringssl/354): This function currently also accepts BER, but this will be removed in the future.

TODO(https://crbug.com/boringssl/449): DisplayText's size limits are not currently enforced.

OPENSSL_EXPORT ASN1_STRING *d2i_DISPLAYTEXT(ASN1_STRING **out,
                                            const uint8_t **inp, long len);

i2d_DISPLAYTEXT marshals in as a DER-encoded X.509 DisplayText (RFC 5280), as described in i2d_SAMPLE.

OPENSSL_EXPORT int i2d_DISPLAYTEXT(const ASN1_STRING *in, uint8_t **outp);

DISPLAYTEXT is an ASN1_ITEM whose ASN.1 type is X.509 DisplayText (RFC 5280) and C type is ASN1_STRING*.

DECLARE_ASN1_ITEM(DISPLAYTEXT)

Bit strings.

An ASN.1 BIT STRING type represents a string of bits. The string may not necessarily be a whole number of bytes. BIT STRINGs occur in ASN.1 structures in several forms:

Some BIT STRINGs represent a bitmask of named bits, such as the X.509 key usage extension in RFC 5280, section 4.2.1.3. For such bit strings, DER imposes an additional restriction that trailing zero bits are removed. Some functions like ASN1_BIT_STRING_set_bit help in maintaining this.

Other BIT STRINGs are arbitrary strings of bits used as identifiers and do not have this constraint, such as the X.509 issuerUniqueID field.

Finally, some structures use BIT STRINGs as a container for byte strings. For example, the signatureValue field in X.509 and the subjectPublicKey field in SubjectPublicKeyInfo are defined as BIT STRINGs with a value specific to the AlgorithmIdentifier. While some unknown algorithm could choose to store arbitrary bit strings, all supported algorithms use a byte string, with bit order matching the DER encoding. Callers interpreting a BIT STRING as a byte string should use ASN1_BIT_STRING_num_bytes instead of ASN1_STRING_length and reject bit strings that are not a whole number of bytes.

This library represents BIT STRINGs as ASN1_STRINGs with type V_ASN1_BIT_STRING. The data contains the encoded form of the BIT STRING, including any padding bits added to round to a whole number of bytes, but excluding the leading byte containing the number of padding bits. If ASN1_STRING_FLAG_BITS_LEFT is set, the bottom three bits contains the number of padding bits. For example, DER encodes the BIT STRING {1, 0} as {0x06, 0x80 = 0b10_000000}. The ASN1_STRING representation has data of {0x80} and flags of ASN1_STRING_FLAG_BITS_LEFT | 6. If ASN1_STRING_FLAG_BITS_LEFT is unset, trailing zero bits are implicitly removed. Callers should not rely this representation when constructing bit strings. The padding bits in the ASN1_STRING data must be zero.

ASN1_BIT_STRING_new calls ASN1_STRING_type_new with V_ASN1_BIT_STRING.

OPENSSL_EXPORT ASN1_BIT_STRING *ASN1_BIT_STRING_new(void);

ASN1_BIT_STRING_free calls ASN1_STRING_free.

OPENSSL_EXPORT void ASN1_BIT_STRING_free(ASN1_BIT_STRING *str);

d2i_ASN1_BIT_STRING parses up to len bytes from *inp as a DER-encoded ASN.1 BIT STRING, as described in d2i_SAMPLE.

OPENSSL_EXPORT ASN1_BIT_STRING *d2i_ASN1_BIT_STRING(ASN1_BIT_STRING **out,
                                                    const uint8_t **inp,
                                                    long len);

i2d_ASN1_BIT_STRING marshals in as a DER-encoded ASN.1 BIT STRING, as described in i2d_SAMPLE.

OPENSSL_EXPORT int i2d_ASN1_BIT_STRING(const ASN1_BIT_STRING *in,
                                       uint8_t **outp);

c2i_ASN1_BIT_STRING decodes len bytes from *inp as the contents of a DER-encoded BIT STRING, excluding the tag and length. It behaves like d2i_SAMPLE except, on success, it always consumes all len bytes.

OPENSSL_EXPORT ASN1_BIT_STRING *c2i_ASN1_BIT_STRING(ASN1_BIT_STRING **out,
                                                    const uint8_t **inp,
                                                    long len);

i2c_ASN1_BIT_STRING encodes in as the contents of a DER-encoded BIT STRING, excluding the tag and length. If outp is non-NULL, it writes the result to *outp, advances *outp just past the output, and returns the number of bytes written. *outp must have space available for the result. If outp is NULL, it returns the number of bytes without writing anything. On error, it returns a value <= 0.

Note this function differs slightly from i2d_SAMPLE. If outp is non-NULL and *outp is NULL, it does not allocate a new buffer.

TODO(davidben): This function currently returns zero on error instead of -1, but it is also mostly infallible. I've currently documented <= 0 to suggest callers work with both.

OPENSSL_EXPORT int i2c_ASN1_BIT_STRING(const ASN1_BIT_STRING *in,
                                       uint8_t **outp);

ASN1_BIT_STRING is an ASN1_ITEM with ASN.1 type BIT STRING and C type ASN1_BIT_STRING*.

DECLARE_ASN1_ITEM(ASN1_BIT_STRING)

ASN1_BIT_STRING_num_bytes computes the length of str in bytes. If str's bit length is a multiple of 8, it sets *out to the byte length and returns one. Otherwise, it returns zero.

This function may be used with ASN1_STRING_get0_data to interpret str as a byte string.

OPENSSL_EXPORT int ASN1_BIT_STRING_num_bytes(const ASN1_BIT_STRING *str,
                                             size_t *out);

ASN1_BIT_STRING_set calls ASN1_STRING_set. It leaves flags unchanged, so the caller must set the number of unused bits.

TODO(davidben): Maybe it should? Wrapping a byte string in a bit string is a common use case.

OPENSSL_EXPORT int ASN1_BIT_STRING_set(ASN1_BIT_STRING *str,
                                       const unsigned char *d,
                                       ossl_ssize_t length);

ASN1_BIT_STRING_set_bit sets bit n of str to one if value is non-zero and zero if value is zero, resizing str as needed. It then truncates trailing zeros in str to align with the DER represention for a bit string with named bits. It returns one on success and zero on error. n is indexed beginning from zero.

OPENSSL_EXPORT int ASN1_BIT_STRING_set_bit(ASN1_BIT_STRING *str, int n,
                                           int value);

ASN1_BIT_STRING_get_bit returns one if bit n of a is in bounds and set, and zero otherwise. n is indexed beginning from zero.

OPENSSL_EXPORT int ASN1_BIT_STRING_get_bit(const ASN1_BIT_STRING *str, int n);

ASN1_BIT_STRING_check returns one if str only contains bits that are set in the flags_len bytes pointed by flags. Otherwise it returns zero. Bits in flags are arranged according to the DER representation, so bit 0 corresponds to the MSB of flags[0].

OPENSSL_EXPORT int ASN1_BIT_STRING_check(const ASN1_BIT_STRING *str,
                                         const unsigned char *flags,
                                         int flags_len);

Integers and enumerated values.

INTEGER and ENUMERATED values are represented as ASN1_STRINGs where the data contains the big-endian encoding of the absolute value of the integer. The sign bit is encoded in the type: non-negative values have a type of V_ASN1_INTEGER or V_ASN1_ENUMERATED, while negative values have a type of V_ASN1_NEG_INTEGER or V_ASN1_NEG_ENUMERATED. Note this differs from DER's two's complement representation.

The data in the ASN1_STRING may not have leading zeros. Note this means zero is represented as the empty string. Parsing functions will never return invalid representations. If an invalid input is constructed, the marshaling functions will skip leading zeros, however other functions, such as ASN1_INTEGER_cmp or ASN1_INTEGER_get, may not return the correct result.

DEFINE_STACK_OF(ASN1_INTEGER)

ASN1_INTEGER_new calls ASN1_STRING_type_new with V_ASN1_INTEGER. The resulting object has value zero.

OPENSSL_EXPORT ASN1_INTEGER *ASN1_INTEGER_new(void);

ASN1_INTEGER_free calls ASN1_STRING_free.

OPENSSL_EXPORT void ASN1_INTEGER_free(ASN1_INTEGER *str);

ASN1_INTEGER_dup calls ASN1_STRING_dup.

OPENSSL_EXPORT ASN1_INTEGER *ASN1_INTEGER_dup(const ASN1_INTEGER *x);

d2i_ASN1_INTEGER parses up to len bytes from *inp as a DER-encoded ASN.1 INTEGER, as described in d2i_SAMPLE.

OPENSSL_EXPORT ASN1_INTEGER *d2i_ASN1_INTEGER(ASN1_INTEGER **out,
                                              const uint8_t **inp, long len);

i2d_ASN1_INTEGER marshals in as a DER-encoded ASN.1 INTEGER, as described in i2d_SAMPLE.

OPENSSL_EXPORT int i2d_ASN1_INTEGER(const ASN1_INTEGER *in, uint8_t **outp);

c2i_ASN1_INTEGER decodes len bytes from *inp as the contents of a DER-encoded INTEGER, excluding the tag and length. It behaves like d2i_SAMPLE except, on success, it always consumes all len bytes.

OPENSSL_EXPORT ASN1_INTEGER *c2i_ASN1_INTEGER(ASN1_INTEGER **in,
                                              const uint8_t **outp, long len);

i2c_ASN1_INTEGER encodes in as the contents of a DER-encoded INTEGER, excluding the tag and length. If outp is non-NULL, it writes the result to *outp, advances *outp just past the output, and returns the number of bytes written. *outp must have space available for the result. If outp is NULL, it returns the number of bytes without writing anything. On error, it returns a value <= 0.

Note this function differs slightly from i2d_SAMPLE. If outp is non-NULL and *outp is NULL, it does not allocate a new buffer.

TODO(davidben): This function currently returns zero on error instead of -1, but it is also mostly infallible. I've currently documented <= 0 to suggest callers work with both.

OPENSSL_EXPORT int i2c_ASN1_INTEGER(const ASN1_INTEGER *in, uint8_t **outp);

ASN1_INTEGER is an ASN1_ITEM with ASN.1 type INTEGER and C type ASN1_INTEGER*.

DECLARE_ASN1_ITEM(ASN1_INTEGER)

ASN1_INTEGER_set_uint64 sets a to an INTEGER with value v. It returns one on success and zero on error.

OPENSSL_EXPORT int ASN1_INTEGER_set_uint64(ASN1_INTEGER *out, uint64_t v);

ASN1_INTEGER_set_int64 sets a to an INTEGER with value v. It returns one on success and zero on error.

OPENSSL_EXPORT int ASN1_INTEGER_set_int64(ASN1_INTEGER *out, int64_t v);

ASN1_INTEGER_get_uint64 converts a to a uint64_t. On success, it returns one and sets *out to the result. If a did not fit or has the wrong type, it returns zero.

OPENSSL_EXPORT int ASN1_INTEGER_get_uint64(uint64_t *out,
                                           const ASN1_INTEGER *a);

ASN1_INTEGER_get_int64 converts a to a int64_t. On success, it returns one and sets *out to the result. If a did not fit or has the wrong type, it returns zero.

OPENSSL_EXPORT int ASN1_INTEGER_get_int64(int64_t *out, const ASN1_INTEGER *a);

BN_to_ASN1_INTEGER sets ai to an INTEGER with value bn and returns ai on success or NULL or error. If ai is NULL, it returns a newly-allocated ASN1_INTEGER on success instead, which the caller must release with ASN1_INTEGER_free.

OPENSSL_EXPORT ASN1_INTEGER *BN_to_ASN1_INTEGER(const BIGNUM *bn,
                                                ASN1_INTEGER *ai);

ASN1_INTEGER_to_BN sets bn to the value of ai and returns bn on success or NULL or error. If bn is NULL, it returns a newly-allocated BIGNUM on success instead, which the caller must release with BN_free.

OPENSSL_EXPORT BIGNUM *ASN1_INTEGER_to_BN(const ASN1_INTEGER *ai, BIGNUM *bn);

ASN1_INTEGER_cmp compares the values of x and y. It returns an integer equal to, less than, or greater than zero if x is equal to, less than, or greater than y, respectively.

OPENSSL_EXPORT int ASN1_INTEGER_cmp(const ASN1_INTEGER *x,
                                    const ASN1_INTEGER *y);

ASN1_ENUMERATED_new calls ASN1_STRING_type_new with V_ASN1_ENUMERATED. The resulting object has value zero.

OPENSSL_EXPORT ASN1_ENUMERATED *ASN1_ENUMERATED_new(void);

ASN1_ENUMERATED_free calls ASN1_STRING_free.

OPENSSL_EXPORT void ASN1_ENUMERATED_free(ASN1_ENUMERATED *str);

d2i_ASN1_ENUMERATED parses up to len bytes from *inp as a DER-encoded ASN.1 ENUMERATED, as described in d2i_SAMPLE.

OPENSSL_EXPORT ASN1_ENUMERATED *d2i_ASN1_ENUMERATED(ASN1_ENUMERATED **out,
                                                    const uint8_t **inp,
                                                    long len);

i2d_ASN1_ENUMERATED marshals in as a DER-encoded ASN.1 ENUMERATED, as described in i2d_SAMPLE.

OPENSSL_EXPORT int i2d_ASN1_ENUMERATED(const ASN1_ENUMERATED *in,
                                       uint8_t **outp);

ASN1_ENUMERATED is an ASN1_ITEM with ASN.1 type ENUMERATED and C type ASN1_ENUMERATED*.

DECLARE_ASN1_ITEM(ASN1_ENUMERATED)

ASN1_ENUMERATED_set_uint64 sets a to an ENUMERATED with value v. It returns one on success and zero on error.

OPENSSL_EXPORT int ASN1_ENUMERATED_set_uint64(ASN1_ENUMERATED *out, uint64_t v);

ASN1_ENUMERATED_set_int64 sets a to an ENUMERATED with value v. It returns one on success and zero on error.

OPENSSL_EXPORT int ASN1_ENUMERATED_set_int64(ASN1_ENUMERATED *out, int64_t v);

ASN1_ENUMERATED_get_uint64 converts a to a uint64_t. On success, it returns one and sets *out to the result. If a did not fit or has the wrong type, it returns zero.

OPENSSL_EXPORT int ASN1_ENUMERATED_get_uint64(uint64_t *out,
                                              const ASN1_ENUMERATED *a);

ASN1_ENUMERATED_get_int64 converts a to a int64_t. On success, it returns one and sets *out to the result. If a did not fit or has the wrong type, it returns zero.

OPENSSL_EXPORT int ASN1_ENUMERATED_get_int64(int64_t *out,
                                             const ASN1_ENUMERATED *a);

BN_to_ASN1_ENUMERATED sets ai to an ENUMERATED with value bn and returns ai on success or NULL or error. If ai is NULL, it returns a newly-allocated ASN1_ENUMERATED on success instead, which the caller must release with ASN1_ENUMERATED_free.

OPENSSL_EXPORT ASN1_ENUMERATED *BN_to_ASN1_ENUMERATED(const BIGNUM *bn,
                                                      ASN1_ENUMERATED *ai);

ASN1_ENUMERATED_to_BN sets bn to the value of ai and returns bn on success or NULL or error. If bn is NULL, it returns a newly-allocated BIGNUM on success instead, which the caller must release with BN_free.

OPENSSL_EXPORT BIGNUM *ASN1_ENUMERATED_to_BN(const ASN1_ENUMERATED *ai,
                                             BIGNUM *bn);

Time.

GeneralizedTime and UTCTime values are represented as ASN1_STRINGs. The type field is V_ASN1_GENERALIZEDTIME or V_ASN1_UTCTIME, respectively. The data field contains the DER encoding of the value. For example, the UNIX epoch would be "19700101000000Z" for a GeneralizedTime and "700101000000Z" for a UTCTime.

ASN.1 does not define how to interpret UTCTime's two-digit year. RFC 5280 defines it as a range from 1950 to 2049 for X.509. The library uses the RFC 5280 interpretation. It does not currently enforce the restrictions from BER, and the additional restrictions from RFC 5280, but future versions may. Callers should not rely on fractional seconds and non-UTC time zones.

The ASN1_TIME typedef is a multi-string representing the X.509 Time type, which is a CHOICE of GeneralizedTime and UTCTime, using UTCTime when the value is in range.

ASN1_UTCTIME_new calls ASN1_STRING_type_new with V_ASN1_UTCTIME. The resulting object contains empty contents and must be initialized to be a valid UTCTime.

OPENSSL_EXPORT ASN1_UTCTIME *ASN1_UTCTIME_new(void);

ASN1_UTCTIME_free calls ASN1_STRING_free.

OPENSSL_EXPORT void ASN1_UTCTIME_free(ASN1_UTCTIME *str);

d2i_ASN1_UTCTIME parses up to len bytes from *inp as a DER-encoded ASN.1 UTCTime, as described in d2i_SAMPLE.

TODO(https://crbug.com/boringssl/354): This function currently also accepts BER, but this will be removed in the future.

OPENSSL_EXPORT ASN1_UTCTIME *d2i_ASN1_UTCTIME(ASN1_UTCTIME **out,
                                              const uint8_t **inp, long len);

i2d_ASN1_UTCTIME marshals in as a DER-encoded ASN.1 UTCTime, as described in i2d_SAMPLE.

OPENSSL_EXPORT int i2d_ASN1_UTCTIME(const ASN1_UTCTIME *in, uint8_t **outp);

ASN1_UTCTIME is an ASN1_ITEM with ASN.1 type UTCTime and C type ASN1_UTCTIME*.

DECLARE_ASN1_ITEM(ASN1_UTCTIME)

ASN1_UTCTIME_check returns one if a is a valid UTCTime and zero otherwise.

OPENSSL_EXPORT int ASN1_UTCTIME_check(const ASN1_UTCTIME *a);

ASN1_UTCTIME_set represents posix_time as a UTCTime and writes the result to s. It returns s on success and NULL on error. If s is NULL, it returns a newly-allocated ASN1_UTCTIME instead.

Note this function may fail if the time is out of range for UTCTime.

OPENSSL_EXPORT ASN1_UTCTIME *ASN1_UTCTIME_set(ASN1_UTCTIME *s,
                                              int64_t posix_time);

ASN1_UTCTIME_adj adds offset_day days and offset_sec seconds to posix_time and writes the result to s as a UTCTime. It returns s on success and NULL on error. If s is NULL, it returns a newly-allocated ASN1_UTCTIME instead.

Note this function may fail if the time overflows or is out of range for UTCTime.

OPENSSL_EXPORT ASN1_UTCTIME *ASN1_UTCTIME_adj(ASN1_UTCTIME *s,
                                              int64_t posix_time,
                                              int offset_day, long offset_sec);

ASN1_UTCTIME_set_string sets s to a UTCTime whose contents are a copy of str. It returns one on success and zero on error or if str is not a valid UTCTime.

If s is NULL, this function validates str without copying it.

OPENSSL_EXPORT int ASN1_UTCTIME_set_string(ASN1_UTCTIME *s, const char *str);

ASN1_UTCTIME_cmp_time_t compares s to t. It returns -1 if s < t, 0 if they are equal, 1 if s > t, and -2 on error.

OPENSSL_EXPORT int ASN1_UTCTIME_cmp_time_t(const ASN1_UTCTIME *s, time_t t);

ASN1_GENERALIZEDTIME_new calls ASN1_STRING_type_new with V_ASN1_GENERALIZEDTIME. The resulting object contains empty contents and must be initialized to be a valid GeneralizedTime.

OPENSSL_EXPORT ASN1_GENERALIZEDTIME *ASN1_GENERALIZEDTIME_new(void);

ASN1_GENERALIZEDTIME_free calls ASN1_STRING_free.

OPENSSL_EXPORT void ASN1_GENERALIZEDTIME_free(ASN1_GENERALIZEDTIME *str);

d2i_ASN1_GENERALIZEDTIME parses up to len bytes from *inp as a DER-encoded ASN.1 GeneralizedTime, as described in d2i_SAMPLE.

OPENSSL_EXPORT ASN1_GENERALIZEDTIME *d2i_ASN1_GENERALIZEDTIME(
    ASN1_GENERALIZEDTIME **out, const uint8_t **inp, long len);

i2d_ASN1_GENERALIZEDTIME marshals in as a DER-encoded ASN.1 GeneralizedTime, as described in i2d_SAMPLE.

OPENSSL_EXPORT int i2d_ASN1_GENERALIZEDTIME(const ASN1_GENERALIZEDTIME *in,
                                            uint8_t **outp);

ASN1_GENERALIZEDTIME is an ASN1_ITEM with ASN.1 type GeneralizedTime and C type ASN1_GENERALIZEDTIME*.

DECLARE_ASN1_ITEM(ASN1_GENERALIZEDTIME)

ASN1_GENERALIZEDTIME_check returns one if a is a valid GeneralizedTime and zero otherwise.

OPENSSL_EXPORT int ASN1_GENERALIZEDTIME_check(const ASN1_GENERALIZEDTIME *a);

ASN1_GENERALIZEDTIME_set represents posix_time as a GeneralizedTime and writes the result to s. It returns s on success and NULL on error. If s is NULL, it returns a newly-allocated ASN1_GENERALIZEDTIME instead.

Note this function may fail if the time is out of range for GeneralizedTime.

OPENSSL_EXPORT ASN1_GENERALIZEDTIME *ASN1_GENERALIZEDTIME_set(
    ASN1_GENERALIZEDTIME *s, int64_t posix_time);

ASN1_GENERALIZEDTIME_adj adds offset_day days and offset_sec seconds to posix_time and writes the result to s as a GeneralizedTime. It returns s on success and NULL on error. If s is NULL, it returns a newly-allocated ASN1_GENERALIZEDTIME instead.

Note this function may fail if the time overflows or is out of range for GeneralizedTime.

OPENSSL_EXPORT ASN1_GENERALIZEDTIME *ASN1_GENERALIZEDTIME_adj(
    ASN1_GENERALIZEDTIME *s, int64_t posix_time, int offset_day,
    long offset_sec);

ASN1_GENERALIZEDTIME_set_string sets s to a GeneralizedTime whose contents are a copy of str. It returns one on success and zero on error or if str is not a valid GeneralizedTime.

If s is NULL, this function validates str without copying it.

OPENSSL_EXPORT int ASN1_GENERALIZEDTIME_set_string(ASN1_GENERALIZEDTIME *s,
                                                   const char *str);

B_ASN1_TIME is a bitmask of types allowed in an X.509 Time.

#define B_ASN1_TIME (B_ASN1_UTCTIME | B_ASN1_GENERALIZEDTIME)

ASN1_TIME_new returns a newly-allocated ASN1_TIME with type -1, or NULL on error. The resulting ASN1_TIME is not a valid X.509 Time until initialized with a value.

OPENSSL_EXPORT ASN1_TIME *ASN1_TIME_new(void);

ASN1_TIME_free releases memory associated with str.

OPENSSL_EXPORT void ASN1_TIME_free(ASN1_TIME *str);

d2i_ASN1_TIME parses up to len bytes from *inp as a DER-encoded X.509 Time (RFC 5280), as described in d2i_SAMPLE.

TODO(https://crbug.com/boringssl/354): This function currently also accepts BER, but this will be removed in the future.

OPENSSL_EXPORT ASN1_TIME *d2i_ASN1_TIME(ASN1_TIME **out, const uint8_t **inp,
                                        long len);

i2d_ASN1_TIME marshals in as a DER-encoded X.509 Time (RFC 5280), as described in i2d_SAMPLE.

OPENSSL_EXPORT int i2d_ASN1_TIME(const ASN1_TIME *in, uint8_t **outp);

ASN1_TIME is an ASN1_ITEM whose ASN.1 type is X.509 Time (RFC 5280) and C type is ASN1_TIME*.

DECLARE_ASN1_ITEM(ASN1_TIME)

ASN1_TIME_diff computes to - from. On success, it sets *out_days to the difference in days, rounded towards zero, sets *out_seconds to the remainder, and returns one. On error, it returns zero.

If from is before to, both outputs will be <= 0, with at least one negative. If from is after to, both will be >= 0, with at least one positive. If they are equal, ignoring fractional seconds, both will be zero.

Note this function may fail on overflow, or if from or to cannot be decoded.

OPENSSL_EXPORT int ASN1_TIME_diff(int *out_days, int *out_seconds,
                                  const ASN1_TIME *from, const ASN1_TIME *to);

ASN1_TIME_set_posix represents posix_time as a GeneralizedTime or UTCTime and writes the result to s. As in RFC 5280, section 4.1.2.5, it uses UTCTime when the time fits and GeneralizedTime otherwise. It returns s on success and NULL on error. If s is NULL, it returns a newly-allocated ASN1_TIME instead.

Note this function may fail if the time is out of range for GeneralizedTime.

OPENSSL_EXPORT ASN1_TIME *ASN1_TIME_set_posix(ASN1_TIME *s, int64_t posix_time);

ASN1_TIME_set is exactly the same as ASN1_TIME_set_posix but with a time_t as input for compatibility.

OPENSSL_EXPORT ASN1_TIME *ASN1_TIME_set(ASN1_TIME *s, time_t time);

ASN1_TIME_adj adds offset_day days and offset_sec seconds to posix_time and writes the result to s. As in RFC 5280, section 4.1.2.5, it uses UTCTime when the time fits and GeneralizedTime otherwise. It returns s on success and NULL on error. If s is NULL, it returns a newly-allocated ASN1_GENERALIZEDTIME instead.

Note this function may fail if the time overflows or is out of range for GeneralizedTime.

OPENSSL_EXPORT ASN1_TIME *ASN1_TIME_adj(ASN1_TIME *s, int64_t posix_time,
                                        int offset_day, long offset_sec);

ASN1_TIME_check returns one if t is a valid UTCTime or GeneralizedTime, and zero otherwise. t's type determines which check is performed. This function does not enforce that UTCTime was used when possible.

OPENSSL_EXPORT int ASN1_TIME_check(const ASN1_TIME *t);

ASN1_TIME_to_generalizedtime converts t to a GeneralizedTime. If out is NULL, it returns a newly-allocated ASN1_GENERALIZEDTIME on success, or NULL on error. If out is non-NULL and *out is NULL, it additionally sets *out to the result. If out and *out are non-NULL, it instead updates the object pointed by *out and returns *out on success or NULL on error.

OPENSSL_EXPORT ASN1_GENERALIZEDTIME *ASN1_TIME_to_generalizedtime(
    const ASN1_TIME *t, ASN1_GENERALIZEDTIME **out);

ASN1_TIME_set_string behaves like ASN1_UTCTIME_set_string if str is a valid UTCTime, and ASN1_GENERALIZEDTIME_set_string if str is a valid GeneralizedTime. If str is neither, it returns zero.

OPENSSL_EXPORT int ASN1_TIME_set_string(ASN1_TIME *s, const char *str);

ASN1_TIME_set_string_X509 behaves like ASN1_TIME_set_string except it additionally converts GeneralizedTime to UTCTime if it is in the range where UTCTime is used. See RFC 5280, section 4.1.2.5.

OPENSSL_EXPORT int ASN1_TIME_set_string_X509(ASN1_TIME *s, const char *str);

ASN1_TIME_to_time_t converts t to a time_t value in out. On success, one is returned. On failure zero is returned. This function will fail if the time can not be represented in a time_t.

OPENSSL_EXPORT int ASN1_TIME_to_time_t(const ASN1_TIME *t, time_t *out);

ASN1_TIME_to_posix converts t to a POSIX time value in out. On success, one is returned. On failure zero is returned.

OPENSSL_EXPORT int ASN1_TIME_to_posix(const ASN1_TIME *t, int64_t *out);

TODO(davidben): Expand and document function prototypes generated in macros.

NULL values.

This library represents the ASN.1 NULL value by a non-NULL pointer to the opaque type ASN1_NULL. An omitted OPTIONAL ASN.1 NULL value is a NULL pointer. Unlike other pointer types, it is not necessary to free ASN1_NULL pointers, but it is safe to do so.

ASN1_NULL_new returns an opaque, non-NULL pointer. It is safe to call ASN1_NULL_free on the result, but not necessary.

OPENSSL_EXPORT ASN1_NULL *ASN1_NULL_new(void);

ASN1_NULL_free does nothing.

OPENSSL_EXPORT void ASN1_NULL_free(ASN1_NULL *null);

d2i_ASN1_NULL parses a DER-encoded ASN.1 NULL value from up to len bytes at *inp, as described in d2i_SAMPLE.

OPENSSL_EXPORT ASN1_NULL *d2i_ASN1_NULL(ASN1_NULL **out, const uint8_t **inp,
                                        long len);

i2d_ASN1_NULL marshals in as a DER-encoded ASN.1 NULL value, as described in i2d_SAMPLE.

OPENSSL_EXPORT int i2d_ASN1_NULL(const ASN1_NULL *in, uint8_t **outp);

ASN1_NULL is an ASN1_ITEM with ASN.1 type NULL and C type ASN1_NULL*.

DECLARE_ASN1_ITEM(ASN1_NULL)

Object identifiers.

An ASN1_OBJECT represents a ASN.1 OBJECT IDENTIFIER. See also obj.h for additional functions relating to ASN1_OBJECT.

TODO(davidben): What's the relationship between asn1.h and obj.h? Most of obj.h deals with the large NID table, but then functions like OBJ_get0_data or OBJ_dup are general ASN1_OBJECT functions.

DEFINE_STACK_OF(ASN1_OBJECT)

ASN1_OBJECT_create returns a newly-allocated ASN1_OBJECT with len bytes from data as the encoded OID, or NULL on error. data should contain the DER-encoded identifier, excluding the tag and length.

nid should be NID_undef. Passing a NID value that does not match data will cause some functions to misbehave. sn and ln should be NULL. If non-NULL, they are stored as short and long names, respectively, but these values have no effect for ASN1_OBJECTs created through this function.

TODO(davidben): Should we just ignore all those parameters? NIDs and names are only relevant for ASN1_OBJECTs in the obj.h table.

OPENSSL_EXPORT ASN1_OBJECT *ASN1_OBJECT_create(int nid, const uint8_t *data,
                                               size_t len, const char *sn,
                                               const char *ln);

ASN1_OBJECT_free releases memory associated with a. If a is a static ASN1_OBJECT, returned from OBJ_nid2obj, this function does nothing.

OPENSSL_EXPORT void ASN1_OBJECT_free(ASN1_OBJECT *a);

d2i_ASN1_OBJECT parses a DER-encoded ASN.1 OBJECT IDENTIFIER from up to len bytes at *inp, as described in d2i_SAMPLE.

OPENSSL_EXPORT ASN1_OBJECT *d2i_ASN1_OBJECT(ASN1_OBJECT **out,
                                            const uint8_t **inp, long len);

i2d_ASN1_OBJECT marshals in as a DER-encoded ASN.1 OBJECT IDENTIFIER, as described in i2d_SAMPLE.

OPENSSL_EXPORT int i2d_ASN1_OBJECT(const ASN1_OBJECT *in, uint8_t **outp);

c2i_ASN1_OBJECT decodes len bytes from *inp as the contents of a DER-encoded OBJECT IDENTIFIER, excluding the tag and length. It behaves like d2i_SAMPLE except, on success, it always consumes all len bytes.

OPENSSL_EXPORT ASN1_OBJECT *c2i_ASN1_OBJECT(ASN1_OBJECT **out,
                                            const uint8_t **inp, long len);

ASN1_OBJECT is an ASN1_ITEM with ASN.1 type OBJECT IDENTIFIER and C type ASN1_OBJECT*.

DECLARE_ASN1_ITEM(ASN1_OBJECT)

Arbitrary elements.

An asn1_type_st (aka ASN1_TYPE) represents an arbitrary ASN.1 element, typically used for ANY types. It contains a type field and a value union dependent on type.

WARNING: This struct has a complex representation. Callers must not construct ASN1_TYPE values manually. Use ASN1_TYPE_set and ASN1_TYPE_set1 instead. Additionally, callers performing non-trivial operations on this type are encouraged to use CBS and CBB from <openssl/bytestring.h>, and convert to or from ASN1_TYPE with d2i_ASN1_TYPE or i2d_ASN1_TYPE.

The type field corresponds to the tag of the ASN.1 element being represented:

If type is a V_ASN1_* constant for an ASN.1 string-like type, as defined by ASN1_STRING, the tag matches the constant. value contains an ASN1_STRING pointer (equivalently, one of the more specific typedefs). See ASN1_STRING for details on the representation. Unlike ASN1_STRING, ASN1_TYPE does not use the V_ASN1_NEG flag for negative INTEGER and ENUMERATE values. For a negative value, the ASN1_TYPE's type will be V_ASN1_INTEGER or V_ASN1_ENUMERATED, but value will an ASN1_STRING whose type is V_ASN1_NEG_INTEGER or V_ASN1_NEG_ENUMERATED.

If type is V_ASN1_OBJECT, the tag is OBJECT IDENTIFIER and value contains an ASN1_OBJECT pointer.

If type is V_ASN1_NULL, the tag is NULL. value contains a NULL pointer.

If type is V_ASN1_BOOLEAN, the tag is BOOLEAN. value contains an ASN1_BOOLEAN.

If type is V_ASN1_SEQUENCE, V_ASN1_SET, or V_ASN1_OTHER, the tag is SEQUENCE, SET, or some arbitrary tag, respectively. value uses the corresponding ASN1_STRING representation. Although any type may be represented in V_ASN1_OTHER, the parser will always return the more specific encoding when available.

Other values of type do not represent a valid ASN.1 value, though default-constructed objects may set type to -1. Such objects cannot be serialized.

struct asn1_type_st {
  int type;
  union {
    char *ptr;
    ASN1_BOOLEAN boolean;
    ASN1_STRING *asn1_string;
    ASN1_OBJECT *object;
    ASN1_INTEGER *integer;
    ASN1_ENUMERATED *enumerated;
    ASN1_BIT_STRING *bit_string;
    ASN1_OCTET_STRING *octet_string;
    ASN1_PRINTABLESTRING *printablestring;
    ASN1_T61STRING *t61string;
    ASN1_IA5STRING *ia5string;
    ASN1_GENERALSTRING *generalstring;
    ASN1_BMPSTRING *bmpstring;
    ASN1_UNIVERSALSTRING *universalstring;
    ASN1_UTCTIME *utctime;
    ASN1_GENERALIZEDTIME *generalizedtime;
    ASN1_VISIBLESTRING *visiblestring;
    ASN1_UTF8STRING *utf8string;
    // set and sequence are left complete and still contain the entire element.
    ASN1_STRING *set;
    ASN1_STRING *sequence;
    ASN1_VALUE *asn1_value;
  } value;
};
DEFINE_STACK_OF(ASN1_TYPE)

ASN1_TYPE_new returns a newly-allocated ASN1_TYPE, or NULL on allocation failure. The resulting object has type -1 and must be initialized to be a valid ANY value.

OPENSSL_EXPORT ASN1_TYPE *ASN1_TYPE_new(void);

ASN1_TYPE_free releases memory associated with a.

OPENSSL_EXPORT void ASN1_TYPE_free(ASN1_TYPE *a);

d2i_ASN1_TYPE parses up to len bytes from *inp as an ASN.1 value of any type, as described in d2i_SAMPLE. Note this function only validates primitive, universal types supported by this library. Values of type V_ASN1_SEQUENCE, V_ASN1_SET, V_ASN1_OTHER, or an unsupported primitive type must be validated by the caller when interpreting.

TODO(https://crbug.com/boringssl/354): This function currently also accepts BER, but this will be removed in the future.

OPENSSL_EXPORT ASN1_TYPE *d2i_ASN1_TYPE(ASN1_TYPE **out, const uint8_t **inp,
                                        long len);

i2d_ASN1_TYPE marshals in as DER, as described in i2d_SAMPLE.

OPENSSL_EXPORT int i2d_ASN1_TYPE(const ASN1_TYPE *in, uint8_t **outp);

ASN1_ANY is an ASN1_ITEM with ASN.1 type ANY and C type ASN1_TYPE*. Note the ASN1_ITEM name and C type do not match.

DECLARE_ASN1_ITEM(ASN1_ANY)

ASN1_TYPE_get returns the type of a, which will be one of the V_ASN1_* constants, or zero if a is not fully initialized.

OPENSSL_EXPORT int ASN1_TYPE_get(const ASN1_TYPE *a);

ASN1_TYPE_set sets a to an ASN1_TYPE of type type and value value, releasing the previous contents of a.

If type is V_ASN1_BOOLEAN, a is set to FALSE if value is NULL and TRUE otherwise. If setting a to TRUE, value may be an invalid pointer, such as (void*)1.

If type is V_ASN1_NULL, value must be NULL.

For other values of type, this function takes ownership of value, which must point to an object of the corresponding type. See ASN1_TYPE for details.

OPENSSL_EXPORT void ASN1_TYPE_set(ASN1_TYPE *a, int type, void *value);

ASN1_TYPE_set1 behaves like ASN1_TYPE_set except it does not take ownership of value. It returns one on success and zero on error.

OPENSSL_EXPORT int ASN1_TYPE_set1(ASN1_TYPE *a, int type, const void *value);

ASN1_TYPE_cmp returns zero if a and b are equal and some non-zero value otherwise. Note this function can only be used for equality checks, not an ordering.

OPENSSL_EXPORT int ASN1_TYPE_cmp(const ASN1_TYPE *a, const ASN1_TYPE *b);
typedef STACK_OF(ASN1_TYPE) ASN1_SEQUENCE_ANY;

d2i_ASN1_SEQUENCE_ANY parses up to len bytes from *inp as a DER-encoded ASN.1 SEQUENCE OF ANY structure, as described in d2i_SAMPLE. The resulting ASN1_SEQUENCE_ANY owns its contents and thus must be released with sk_ASN1_TYPE_pop_free and ASN1_TYPE_free, not sk_ASN1_TYPE_free.

TODO(https://crbug.com/boringssl/354): This function currently also accepts BER, but this will be removed in the future.

OPENSSL_EXPORT ASN1_SEQUENCE_ANY *d2i_ASN1_SEQUENCE_ANY(ASN1_SEQUENCE_ANY **out,
                                                        const uint8_t **inp,
                                                        long len);

i2d_ASN1_SEQUENCE_ANY marshals in as a DER-encoded SEQUENCE OF ANY structure, as described in i2d_SAMPLE.

OPENSSL_EXPORT int i2d_ASN1_SEQUENCE_ANY(const ASN1_SEQUENCE_ANY *in,
                                         uint8_t **outp);

d2i_ASN1_SET_ANY parses up to len bytes from *inp as a DER-encoded ASN.1 SET OF ANY structure, as described in d2i_SAMPLE. The resulting ASN1_SEQUENCE_ANY owns its contents and thus must be released with sk_ASN1_TYPE_pop_free and ASN1_TYPE_free, not sk_ASN1_TYPE_free.

TODO(https://crbug.com/boringssl/354): This function currently also accepts BER, but this will be removed in the future.

OPENSSL_EXPORT ASN1_SEQUENCE_ANY *d2i_ASN1_SET_ANY(ASN1_SEQUENCE_ANY **out,
                                                   const uint8_t **inp,
                                                   long len);

i2d_ASN1_SET_ANY marshals in as a DER-encoded SET OF ANY structure, as described in i2d_SAMPLE.

OPENSSL_EXPORT int i2d_ASN1_SET_ANY(const ASN1_SEQUENCE_ANY *in,
                                    uint8_t **outp);

Human-readable output.

The following functions output types in some human-readable format. These functions may be used for debugging and logging. However, the output should not be consumed programmatically. They may be ambiguous or lose information.

ASN1_UTCTIME_print writes a human-readable representation of a to out. It returns one on success and zero on error.

OPENSSL_EXPORT int ASN1_UTCTIME_print(BIO *out, const ASN1_UTCTIME *a);

ASN1_GENERALIZEDTIME_print writes a human-readable representation of a to out. It returns one on success and zero on error.

OPENSSL_EXPORT int ASN1_GENERALIZEDTIME_print(BIO *out,
                                              const ASN1_GENERALIZEDTIME *a);

ASN1_TIME_print writes a human-readable representation of a to out. It returns one on success and zero on error.

OPENSSL_EXPORT int ASN1_TIME_print(BIO *out, const ASN1_TIME *a);

ASN1_STRING_print writes a human-readable representation of str to out. It returns one on success and zero on error. Unprintable characters are replaced with '.'.

OPENSSL_EXPORT int ASN1_STRING_print(BIO *out, const ASN1_STRING *str);

The following flags must not collide with XN_FLAG_*.

ASN1_STRFLGS_ESC_2253 causes characters to be escaped as in RFC 2253, section 2.4.

#define ASN1_STRFLGS_ESC_2253 1ul

ASN1_STRFLGS_ESC_CTRL causes all control characters to be escaped.

#define ASN1_STRFLGS_ESC_CTRL 2ul

ASN1_STRFLGS_ESC_MSB causes all characters above 127 to be escaped.

#define ASN1_STRFLGS_ESC_MSB 4ul

ASN1_STRFLGS_ESC_QUOTE causes the string to be surrounded by quotes, rather than using backslashes, when characters are escaped. Fewer characters will require escapes in this case.

#define ASN1_STRFLGS_ESC_QUOTE 8ul

ASN1_STRFLGS_UTF8_CONVERT causes the string to be encoded as UTF-8, with each byte in the UTF-8 encoding treated as an individual character for purposes of escape sequences. If not set, each Unicode codepoint in the string is treated as a character, with wide characters escaped as "\Uxxxx" or "\Wxxxxxxxx". Note this can be ambiguous if ASN1_STRFLGS_ESC_* are all unset. In that case, backslashes are not escaped, but wide characters are.

#define ASN1_STRFLGS_UTF8_CONVERT 0x10ul

ASN1_STRFLGS_IGNORE_TYPE causes the string type to be ignored. The ASN1_STRING in-memory representation will be printed directly.

#define ASN1_STRFLGS_IGNORE_TYPE 0x20ul

ASN1_STRFLGS_SHOW_TYPE causes the string type to be included in the output.

#define ASN1_STRFLGS_SHOW_TYPE 0x40ul

ASN1_STRFLGS_DUMP_ALL causes all strings to be printed as a hexdump, using RFC 2253 hexstring notation, such as "#0123456789ABCDEF".

#define ASN1_STRFLGS_DUMP_ALL 0x80ul

ASN1_STRFLGS_DUMP_UNKNOWN behaves like ASN1_STRFLGS_DUMP_ALL but only applies to values of unknown type. If unset, unknown values will print their contents as single-byte characters with escape sequences.

#define ASN1_STRFLGS_DUMP_UNKNOWN 0x100ul

ASN1_STRFLGS_DUMP_DER causes hexdumped strings (as determined by ASN1_STRFLGS_DUMP_ALL or ASN1_STRFLGS_DUMP_UNKNOWN) to print the entire DER element as in RFC 2253, rather than only the contents of the ASN1_STRING.

#define ASN1_STRFLGS_DUMP_DER 0x200ul

ASN1_STRFLGS_RFC2253 causes the string to be escaped as in RFC 2253, additionally escaping control characters.

#define ASN1_STRFLGS_RFC2253                                              \
  (ASN1_STRFLGS_ESC_2253 | ASN1_STRFLGS_ESC_CTRL | ASN1_STRFLGS_ESC_MSB | \
   ASN1_STRFLGS_UTF8_CONVERT | ASN1_STRFLGS_DUMP_UNKNOWN |                \
   ASN1_STRFLGS_DUMP_DER)

ASN1_STRING_print_ex writes a human-readable representation of str to out. It returns the number of bytes written on success and -1 on error. If out is NULL, it returns the number of bytes it would have written, without writing anything.

The flags should be a combination of combination of ASN1_STRFLGS_* constants. See the documentation for each flag for how it controls the output. If unsure, use ASN1_STRFLGS_RFC2253.

OPENSSL_EXPORT int ASN1_STRING_print_ex(BIO *out, const ASN1_STRING *str,
                                        unsigned long flags);

ASN1_STRING_print_ex_fp behaves like ASN1_STRING_print_ex but writes to a FILE rather than a BIO.

OPENSSL_EXPORT int ASN1_STRING_print_ex_fp(FILE *fp, const ASN1_STRING *str,
                                           unsigned long flags);

i2a_ASN1_INTEGER writes a human-readable representation of a to bp. It returns the number of bytes written on success, or a negative number on error. On error, this function may have written a partial output to bp.

OPENSSL_EXPORT int i2a_ASN1_INTEGER(BIO *bp, const ASN1_INTEGER *a);

i2a_ASN1_ENUMERATED writes a human-readable representation of a to bp. It returns the number of bytes written on success, or a negative number on error. On error, this function may have written a partial output to bp.

OPENSSL_EXPORT int i2a_ASN1_ENUMERATED(BIO *bp, const ASN1_ENUMERATED *a);

i2a_ASN1_OBJECT writes a human-readable representation of a to bp. It returns the number of bytes written on success, or a negative number on error. On error, this function may have written a partial output to bp.

OPENSSL_EXPORT int i2a_ASN1_OBJECT(BIO *bp, const ASN1_OBJECT *a);

i2a_ASN1_STRING writes a text representation of a's contents to bp. It returns the number of bytes written on success, or a negative number on error. On error, this function may have written a partial output to bp. type is ignored.

This function does not decode a into a Unicode string. It only hex-encodes the internal representation of a. This is suitable for printing an OCTET STRING, but may not be human-readable for any other string type.

OPENSSL_EXPORT int i2a_ASN1_STRING(BIO *bp, const ASN1_STRING *a, int type);

i2t_ASN1_OBJECT calls OBJ_obj2txt with always_return_oid set to zero.

OPENSSL_EXPORT int i2t_ASN1_OBJECT(char *buf, int buf_len,
                                   const ASN1_OBJECT *a);

Low-level encoding functions.

ASN1_get_object parses a BER element from up to max_len bytes at *inp. It returns V_ASN1_CONSTRUCTED if it successfully parsed a constructed element, zero if it successfully parsed a primitive element, and 0x80 on error. On success, it additionally advances *inp to the element body, sets *out_length, *out_tag, and *out_class to the element's length, tag number, and tag class, respectively,

Unlike OpenSSL, this function only supports DER. Indefinite and non-minimal lengths are rejected.

This function is difficult to use correctly. Use CBS_get_asn1 and related functions from bytestring.h.

OPENSSL_EXPORT int ASN1_get_object(const unsigned char **inp, long *out_length,
                                   int *out_tag, int *out_class, long max_len);

ASN1_put_object writes the header for a DER or BER element to *outp and advances *outp by the number of bytes written. The caller is responsible for ensuring *outp has enough space for the output. The header describes an element with length length, tag number tag, and class xclass. xclass should be one of the V_ASN1_* tag class constants. The element is primitive if constructed is zero and constructed if it is one or two. If constructed is two, length is ignored and the element uses indefinite-length encoding.

Use CBB_add_asn1 instead.

OPENSSL_EXPORT void ASN1_put_object(unsigned char **outp, int constructed,
                                    int length, int tag, int xclass);

ASN1_put_eoc writes two zero bytes to *outp, advances *outp to point past those bytes, and returns two.

Use definite-length encoding instead.

OPENSSL_EXPORT int ASN1_put_eoc(unsigned char **outp);

ASN1_object_size returns the number of bytes needed to encode a DER or BER value with length length and tag number tag, or -1 on error. tag should not include the constructed bit or tag class. If constructed is zero or one, the result uses a definite-length encoding with minimally-encoded length, as in DER. If constructed is two, the result uses BER indefinite-length encoding.

Use CBB_add_asn1 instead.

OPENSSL_EXPORT int ASN1_object_size(int constructed, int length, int tag);

Function declaration macros.

The following macros declare functions for ASN.1 types. Prefer writing the prototypes directly. Particularly when type, itname, or name differ, the macros can be difficult to understand.

#define DECLARE_ASN1_FUNCTIONS(type) DECLARE_ASN1_FUNCTIONS_name(type, type)
#define DECLARE_ASN1_ALLOC_FUNCTIONS(type) \
  DECLARE_ASN1_ALLOC_FUNCTIONS_name(type, type)
#define DECLARE_ASN1_FUNCTIONS_name(type, name) \
  DECLARE_ASN1_ALLOC_FUNCTIONS_name(type, name) \
  DECLARE_ASN1_ENCODE_FUNCTIONS(type, name, name)
#define DECLARE_ASN1_FUNCTIONS_fname(type, itname, name) \
  DECLARE_ASN1_ALLOC_FUNCTIONS_name(type, name)          \
  DECLARE_ASN1_ENCODE_FUNCTIONS(type, itname, name)
#define DECLARE_ASN1_ENCODE_FUNCTIONS(type, itname, name)             \
  OPENSSL_EXPORT type *d2i_##name(type **a, const unsigned char **in, \
                                  long len);                          \
  OPENSSL_EXPORT int i2d_##name(type *a, unsigned char **out);        \
  DECLARE_ASN1_ITEM(itname)
#define DECLARE_ASN1_ENCODE_FUNCTIONS_const(type, name)               \
  OPENSSL_EXPORT type *d2i_##name(type **a, const unsigned char **in, \
                                  long len);                          \
  OPENSSL_EXPORT int i2d_##name(const type *a, unsigned char **out);  \
  DECLARE_ASN1_ITEM(name)
#define DECLARE_ASN1_FUNCTIONS_const(name) \
  DECLARE_ASN1_ALLOC_FUNCTIONS(name)       \
  DECLARE_ASN1_ENCODE_FUNCTIONS_const(name, name)
#define DECLARE_ASN1_ALLOC_FUNCTIONS_name(type, name) \
  OPENSSL_EXPORT type *name##_new(void);              \
  OPENSSL_EXPORT void name##_free(type *a);

Deprecated functions.

ASN1_STRING_set_default_mask does nothing.

OPENSSL_EXPORT void ASN1_STRING_set_default_mask(unsigned long mask);

ASN1_STRING_set_default_mask_asc returns one.

OPENSSL_EXPORT int ASN1_STRING_set_default_mask_asc(const char *p);

ASN1_STRING_get_default_mask returns B_ASN1_UTF8STRING.

OPENSSL_EXPORT unsigned long ASN1_STRING_get_default_mask(void);

ASN1_STRING_TABLE_cleanup does nothing.

OPENSSL_EXPORT void ASN1_STRING_TABLE_cleanup(void);

M_ASN1_* are legacy aliases for various ASN1_STRING functions. Use the functions themselves.

#define M_ASN1_STRING_length(x) ASN1_STRING_length(x)
#define M_ASN1_STRING_type(x) ASN1_STRING_type(x)
#define M_ASN1_STRING_data(x) ASN1_STRING_data(x)
#define M_ASN1_BIT_STRING_new() ASN1_BIT_STRING_new()
#define M_ASN1_BIT_STRING_free(a) ASN1_BIT_STRING_free(a)
#define M_ASN1_BIT_STRING_dup(a) ASN1_STRING_dup(a)
#define M_ASN1_BIT_STRING_cmp(a, b) ASN1_STRING_cmp(a, b)
#define M_ASN1_BIT_STRING_set(a, b, c) ASN1_BIT_STRING_set(a, b, c)
#define M_ASN1_INTEGER_new() ASN1_INTEGER_new()
#define M_ASN1_INTEGER_free(a) ASN1_INTEGER_free(a)
#define M_ASN1_INTEGER_dup(a) ASN1_INTEGER_dup(a)
#define M_ASN1_INTEGER_cmp(a, b) ASN1_INTEGER_cmp(a, b)
#define M_ASN1_ENUMERATED_new() ASN1_ENUMERATED_new()
#define M_ASN1_ENUMERATED_free(a) ASN1_ENUMERATED_free(a)
#define M_ASN1_ENUMERATED_dup(a) ASN1_STRING_dup(a)
#define M_ASN1_ENUMERATED_cmp(a, b) ASN1_STRING_cmp(a, b)
#define M_ASN1_OCTET_STRING_new() ASN1_OCTET_STRING_new()
#define M_ASN1_OCTET_STRING_free(a) ASN1_OCTET_STRING_free()
#define M_ASN1_OCTET_STRING_dup(a) ASN1_OCTET_STRING_dup(a)
#define M_ASN1_OCTET_STRING_cmp(a, b) ASN1_OCTET_STRING_cmp(a, b)
#define M_ASN1_OCTET_STRING_set(a, b, c) ASN1_OCTET_STRING_set(a, b, c)
#define M_ASN1_OCTET_STRING_print(a, b) ASN1_STRING_print(a, b)
#define M_ASN1_PRINTABLESTRING_new() ASN1_PRINTABLESTRING_new()
#define M_ASN1_PRINTABLESTRING_free(a) ASN1_PRINTABLESTRING_free(a)
#define M_ASN1_IA5STRING_new() ASN1_IA5STRING_new()
#define M_ASN1_IA5STRING_free(a) ASN1_IA5STRING_free(a)
#define M_ASN1_IA5STRING_dup(a) ASN1_STRING_dup(a)
#define M_ASN1_UTCTIME_new() ASN1_UTCTIME_new()
#define M_ASN1_UTCTIME_free(a) ASN1_UTCTIME_free(a)
#define M_ASN1_UTCTIME_dup(a) ASN1_STRING_dup(a)
#define M_ASN1_T61STRING_new() ASN1_T61STRING_new()
#define M_ASN1_T61STRING_free(a) ASN1_T61STRING_free(a)
#define M_ASN1_GENERALIZEDTIME_new() ASN1_GENERALIZEDTIME_new()
#define M_ASN1_GENERALIZEDTIME_free(a) ASN1_GENERALIZEDTIME_free(a)
#define M_ASN1_GENERALIZEDTIME_dup(a) ASN1_STRING_dup(a)
#define M_ASN1_GENERALSTRING_new() ASN1_GENERALSTRING_new()
#define M_ASN1_GENERALSTRING_free(a) ASN1_GENERALSTRING_free(a)
#define M_ASN1_UNIVERSALSTRING_new() ASN1_UNIVERSALSTRING_new()
#define M_ASN1_UNIVERSALSTRING_free(a) ASN1_UNIVERSALSTRING_free(a)
#define M_ASN1_BMPSTRING_new() ASN1_BMPSTRING_new()
#define M_ASN1_BMPSTRING_free(a) ASN1_BMPSTRING_free(a)
#define M_ASN1_VISIBLESTRING_new() ASN1_VISIBLESTRING_new()
#define M_ASN1_VISIBLESTRING_free(a) ASN1_VISIBLESTRING_free(a)
#define M_ASN1_UTF8STRING_new() ASN1_UTF8STRING_new()
#define M_ASN1_UTF8STRING_free(a) ASN1_UTF8STRING_free(a)

B_ASN1_PRINTABLE is a bitmask for an ad-hoc subset of string-like types. Note the presence of B_ASN1_UNKNOWN means it includes types which ASN1_tag2bit maps to B_ASN1_UNKNOWN.

Do not use this. Despite the name, it has no connection to PrintableString or printable characters. See https://crbug.com/boringssl/412.

#define B_ASN1_PRINTABLE                                              \
  (B_ASN1_NUMERICSTRING | B_ASN1_PRINTABLESTRING | B_ASN1_T61STRING | \
   B_ASN1_IA5STRING | B_ASN1_BIT_STRING | B_ASN1_UNIVERSALSTRING |    \
   B_ASN1_BMPSTRING | B_ASN1_UTF8STRING | B_ASN1_SEQUENCE | B_ASN1_UNKNOWN)

ASN1_PRINTABLE_new returns a newly-allocated ASN1_STRING with type -1, or NULL on error. The resulting ASN1_STRING is not a valid ASN.1 value until initialized with a value.

OPENSSL_EXPORT ASN1_STRING *ASN1_PRINTABLE_new(void);

ASN1_PRINTABLE_free calls ASN1_STRING_free.

OPENSSL_EXPORT void ASN1_PRINTABLE_free(ASN1_STRING *str);

d2i_ASN1_PRINTABLE parses up to len bytes from *inp as a DER-encoded CHOICE of an ad-hoc subset of string-like types, as described in d2i_SAMPLE.

Do not use this. Despite, the name it has no connection to PrintableString or printable characters. See https://crbug.com/boringssl/412.

TODO(https://crbug.com/boringssl/354): This function currently also accepts BER, but this will be removed in the future.

OPENSSL_EXPORT ASN1_STRING *d2i_ASN1_PRINTABLE(ASN1_STRING **out,
                                               const uint8_t **inp, long len);

i2d_ASN1_PRINTABLE marshals in as DER, as described in i2d_SAMPLE.

Do not use this. Despite the name, it has no connection to PrintableString or printable characters. See https://crbug.com/boringssl/412.

OPENSSL_EXPORT int i2d_ASN1_PRINTABLE(const ASN1_STRING *in, uint8_t **outp);

ASN1_PRINTABLE is an ASN1_ITEM whose ASN.1 type is a CHOICE of an ad-hoc subset of string-like types, and whose C type is ASN1_STRING*.

Do not use this. Despite the name, it has no connection to PrintableString or printable characters. See https://crbug.com/boringssl/412.

DECLARE_ASN1_ITEM(ASN1_PRINTABLE)

ASN1_INTEGER_set sets a to an INTEGER with value v. It returns one on success and zero on error.

Use ASN1_INTEGER_set_uint64 and ASN1_INTEGER_set_int64 instead.

OPENSSL_EXPORT int ASN1_INTEGER_set(ASN1_INTEGER *a, long v);

ASN1_ENUMERATED_set sets a to an ENUMERATED with value v. It returns one on success and zero on error.

Use ASN1_ENUMERATED_set_uint64 and ASN1_ENUMERATED_set_int64 instead.

OPENSSL_EXPORT int ASN1_ENUMERATED_set(ASN1_ENUMERATED *a, long v);

ASN1_INTEGER_get returns the value of a as a long, or -1 if a is out of range or the wrong type.

WARNING: This function's return value cannot distinguish errors from -1. Use ASN1_INTEGER_get_uint64 and ASN1_INTEGER_get_int64 instead.

OPENSSL_EXPORT long ASN1_INTEGER_get(const ASN1_INTEGER *a);

ASN1_ENUMERATED_get returns the value of a as a long, or -1 if a is out of range or the wrong type.

WARNING: This function's return value cannot distinguish errors from -1. Use ASN1_ENUMERATED_get_uint64 and ASN1_ENUMERATED_get_int64 instead.

OPENSSL_EXPORT long ASN1_ENUMERATED_get(const ASN1_ENUMERATED *a);